Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
chief characteristic of hypnosis is a. | heightened arousal. | b. | increased
suggestibility. | c. | enhanced creativity. | d. | increased
clairvoyance. | | |
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2.
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The
most frequently used psychoactive drug in the United States is a. | marijuana. | b. | cocaine. | c. | alcohol. | d. | caffeine. | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following sleep phenomena could be detected without the aid of an EEG
machine? a. | Stage 2
sleep | b. | REM sleep | c. | Stage 3
sleep | d. | sleep spindles | | |
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4.
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Dissociation or a split in awareness is an experience commonly associated
with a. | hypnotic
induction. | b. | amphetamine intoxication. | c. | withdrawal
symptoms. | d. | relaxation training. | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following best describes the stability of sleep cycles? a. | They are innate
so they cannot be modified. | b. | They are innate but can be modified in times of
emergency. | c. | They are entirely learned but are difficult to
modify. | d. | They are entirely learned and, thus, may be easily
modified. | | |
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6.
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A
loud noise awakens you; you emerge from sleep confused and do not remember the noise. You were in
which stage of sleep? a. | Stage 1 | b. | Stage
2 | c. | Stage
3 | d. | Stage
4 | | |
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7.
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Which
of the following is a goal of the therapeutic use of sensory deprivation? a. | decompression of
the ventricular system. | b. | experiencing relaxation and reducing
stress. | c. | producing delusions. | d. | producing
hallucinations. | | |
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8.
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Hypnotized subjects who were told to plunge one hand into a painful bath of ice water,
and were told to feel no pain, a. | awoke from their hypnosis. | b. | wrote "it
hurts" with their free hand. | c. | did not feel any pain. | d. | went into a
coma. | | |
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9.
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Beta
waves are characteristic in the EEG of a person who is a. | dreaming. | b. | asleep but not dreaming. | c. | awake and
alert. | d. | in Stage 2 sleep. | | |
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10.
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Physical cravings for a drug and unpleasant reactions when the drug is withheld are
signs of a. | drug
tolerance. | b. | psychological dependence. | c. | emotional
dependence. | d. | physical addiction. | | |
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11.
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Drug
abuse associated with which of the following drugs is correlated with breast cysts, birth defects,
miscarriage, and contributes to bladder cancer, heart problems, and high blood
pressure? a. | caffeine | b. | cocaine | c. | nicotine | d. | heroin | | |
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12.
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Which
of the following drugs is physically addictive? a. | morphine | b. | cocaine | c. | heroin | d. | all of
these | | |
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13.
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The
reduction in the body's response to a drug which may accompany drug use is called a. | withdrawal. | b. | addiction. | c. | dependence. | d. | tolerance. | | |
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14.
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A
sudden, irresistible urge to sleep, which lasts a few minutes to half an hour during the daytime, is
called a. | narcolepsy. | b. | hypersomnia. | c. | sleep
apnea. | d. | sleepwalking disorder. | | |
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15.
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A
particularly dangerous (often fatal) combination of drugs is a. | marijuana and
hashish. | b. | amphetamines and dexedrine. | c. | alcohol and
barbiturates. | d. | caffeine and nicotine. | | |
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16.
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The
surest way to alter human consciousness is a. | through meditation. | b. | by
sleeping. | c. | to administer a psychoactive drug. | d. | to use sensory
deprivation. | | |
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17.
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Freud
believed that, in order to protect sleep and prevent the arousal of conscience, the content of our
dreams is a. | suppressed. | b. | disguised. | c. | enriched. | d. | synthesized. | | |
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18.
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A
sleep disturbance in which one awakens several times during the night and has difficulty returning to
sleep is a. | narcolepsy. | b. | sleep apnea. | c. | somnambulism. | d. | insomnia. | | |
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19.
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When
a person stops taking cocaine, all of the following occur EXCEPT a. | occasional
cravings for as long as a month. | b. | depression. | c. | an increased
sense of energy. | d. | anhedonia. | | |
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20.
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Which
of the following is most likely to occur as a consequence of hypnosis? a. | increase in
strength to superhuman levels | b. | genuine regression to earlier age
levels | c. | altered sensory experiences | d. | increased
clarity and accuracy of memory | | |
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21.
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Smoked forms of cocaine are commonly called a. | meth. | b. | crack. | c. | ice. | d. | uppers. | | |
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22.
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Confusion, disorientation, delusions, and hallucinations are characteristic
of a. | microsleeps. | b. | circadian rhythms. | c. | sleep
deprivation psychosis. | d. | sleep narcosis. | | |
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23.
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Someone who is hungry may show a. | an increase in dreams about food and
eating. | b. | a decrease in dreams about food and
eating. | c. | no particular increase in dreams about food and
eating. | d. | no increase in food symbols in their
dreams. | | |
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24.
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During hypnosis, EEG (brain-wave) recordings a. | resemble those
obtained during sleep. | b. | resemble those obtained when a person is
awake. | c. | slow almost to a stop. | d. | show clearly
identifiable "trance waves." | | |
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25.
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Nicotine is classified as a a. | narcotic. | b. | depressant. | c. | relaxant. | d. | stimulant. | | |
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26.
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The
safest sleep position for most infants in order to prevent SIDS is a. | face
down. | b. | on their backs or sides. | c. | REM
rebound. | d. | none of these. | | |
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27.
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Infants sleep a. | in 6-8 hour blocks of time. | b. | 12 hours a
day. | c. | in 2-4 hour
blocks of time. | d. | in totally irregular patterns. | | |
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28.
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The
most common reactions to sleep loss up to 48 hours a. | include
inattention, staring, and tremor of the hands. | b. | include
hallucinations and delusions. | c. | include insomnia. | d. | are similar to
those found in psychosis. | | |
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29.
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In a
newborn infant, one could expect total sleep time each day to approach a. | 24
hours. | b. | 20 hours. | c. | 12
hours. | d. | 8 hours. | | |
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30.
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Our
sleep rhythms are tied to a 24-hour day because a. | the time of peak activity is invariant from person to
person. | b. | they are tied to external time markers like light and
dark. | c. | they have adapted to technological improvements made in the
last century. | d. | everyone needs at least 8 hours of sleep every
night. | | |
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31.
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Drugs
with names like Xanax, Halcion, and Valium are a. | barbiturates. | b. | stimulants. | c. | hallucinogens. | d. | tranquilizers. | | |
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32.
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Substances capable of altering human consciousness are classified as a. | pharmacologic
drugs. | b. | addictive. | c. | psychoactive
drugs. | d. | narcotics. | | |
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33.
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The
ordering and duration of daily sleep and waking periods are known as a. | meridian
rhythms. | b. | sleep patterns. | c. | REM
cycles. | d. | sleep stages. | | |
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34.
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The
major cause of temporary insomnia is a. | REM deprivation. | b. | worry, stress,
or excitement. | c. | drop in blood sugar during the night. | d. | stress combined
with the use of sleeping pills. | | |
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35.
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Research suggests that the two most basic states of sleep are a. | alpha sleep and
beta sleep. | b. | light sleep and deep sleep. | c. | REM sleep and
non-REM sleep. | d. | REM sleep and paradoxical sleep. | | |
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36.
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When
a person is shut off from the world such that he or she cannot even tell what time it is by light or
dark, their sleep-waking cycle a. | stays at about 24 hours. | b. | shortens to an
average of about 20 hours. | c. | lengthens to an average of about 25
hours. | d. | becomes completely disrupted. | | |
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37.
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Hypnosis a. | was introduced by the Austrian physician, Karl
Zener. | b. | is characterized by brain wave patterns similar to
sleep. | c. | is an altered state characterized by narrowed attention and
increased openness to suggestion. | d. | is a sleep state in which the subjects are partially aware of
their actions and able to perform many activities not normally carried out during
sleep. | | |
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38.
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The
rhythms of sleep and waking a. | coincide with cycles of the moon. | b. | are considerably
shorter than 24 hours. | c. | are about 24 hours long. | d. | average around
36 hours. | | |
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39.
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Which
of the following is a major way in which altered states of consciousness are
produced? a. | prolonged mental
exertion | b. | hypnosis | c. | lucid
dreaming | d. | maintaining routine sleep patterns | | |
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40.
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The
average ratio of time awake to time asleep is a. | 1 to 1. | b. | 2 to
1. | c. | 3 to
1. | d. | unknown. | | |
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41.
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Night
terrors most often occur during a. | Stage 1 NREM sleep. | b. | Stage 2 REM
sleep. | c. | Stage 3 NREM sleep. | d. | Stage 4 NREM
sleep. | | |
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42.
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According to Freud, dreams are very often a means of a. | wish
fulfillment. | b. | solving daytime problems. | c. | telling oneself
what's missing in one's life. | d. | categorizing one's experience. | | |
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43.
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Lindsay is having trouble going to sleep. Which food would be recommended for her to
eat if she wanted to increase her intake of tryptophan? a. | a turkey
sandwich and a banana | b. | a hamburger | c. | fruit
salad | d. | a glass of red wine | | |
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44.
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Excessive daytime sleepiness is a condition called a. | narcolepsy. | b. | hypersomnia. | c. | sleep
apnea. | d. | sleepwalking disorder. | | |
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45.
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Immediately before sleep the EEG shifts to patterns of larger and slower waves called
__________ waves. a. | alpha | b. | beta | c. | delta | d. | spindle | | |
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46.
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Perhaps the best known hallucinogen is a. | cocaine. | b. | alcohol. | c. | LSD. | d. | nicotine. | | |
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47.
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Dreams usually a. | occur twice nightly. | b. | last only about
five minutes each. | c. | are about ninety minutes apart with each succeeding dream
lasting a little longer. | d. | are instantaneous, being a flash of visual
images. | | |
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48.
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Which
of the following is a primary characteristic of dream sleep? a. | irregular heart
rate and blood pressure | b. | sexual arousal | c. | increased muscle
tension | d. | rapid eye movements | | |
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49.
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Which
stage of sleep typically has spindles? a. | first | b. | second | c. | third | d. | fourth | | |
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50.
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NREM
sleep occurs mainly in a. | Stage 2 sleep. | b. | Stage 3
sleep. | c. | Stage 4 sleep. | d. | all of
these. | | |
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51.
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That
there is a need for REM sleep is suggested by a. | REM rebound. | b. | REM
tolerance. | c. | eye movements accompanying REM sleep. | d. | emotional
catharsis during REM sleep. | | |
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52.
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Hypnosis is particularly useful a. | for test taking due to increased
memory. | b. | in helping a subject regress to
childhood. | c. | for creating momentary superhuman bursts of
strength. | d. | in controlling phantom limb pain. | | |
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53.
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Recent evidence suggests that THC, the active ingredient in
marijuana, a. | is
harmless. | b. | is physically addictive. | c. | is fatal in mild
doses. | d. | accumulates in fatty tissue. | | |
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54.
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Short-term drug use based largely on curiosity is called a. | experimental. | b. | compulsive. | c. | situational. | d. | regressive. | | |
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55.
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A
sleep disturbance characterized by snoring, short silences, and gasps is called a. | sleep
apnea. | b. | narcolepsy. | c. | somnambulism. | d. | insomnia. | | |
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56.
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Hypnosis currently has its greatest value as a(n) a. | cure-all
counseling approach. | b. | combination treatment with acupuncture and
massage. | c. | tool for inducing relaxation. | d. | valuable
technique for uncovering repressed memories. | | |
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57.
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Some
physicians believe that SIDS, or crib death, may be caused by a. | prematurity. | b. | sleep apnea. | c. | narcolepsy. | d. | snoring. | | |
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58.
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__________ is an amino acid that can help people sleep and can be found in a glass of
__________. a. | Teratogen;
orange juice | b. | Tetracycline; natural sparkling water | c. | Tryptophan;
milk | d. | Thalidomide;
wine | | |
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59.
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Which
of the following is a correct match? a. | Stage 1 - light sleep | b. | Stage 2 - beta
waves | c. | Stage 3 - alpha waves | d. | Stage 4 - sleep
spindles | | |
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60.
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Which
of the following is classified as a stimulant? a. | alcohol | b. | cocaine | c. | marijuana | d. | morphine | | |
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61.
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Sleeptalking a. | occurs most often in association with night
terrors. | b. | is the outward expression of dream
content. | c. | occurs during sleep stages 3 and 4. | d. | occurs during
REM sleep and is therefore rather brief. | | |
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62.
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Which
of the following could you learn to do in your sleep? a. | math | b. | foreign language | c. | touch a switch
on cue | d. | dream analysis | | |
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63.
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Treatment for alcoholism generally begins with a. | vitamin
therapy. | b. | tranquilizers. | c. | psychotherapy. | d. | detoxification. | | |
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64.
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If
you suffered sleep deprivation, what type of effect would occur first? a. | hallucinations
and delusions | b. | loss of ability to pay attention and perform simple routine
tasks | c. | both long-term and short-term memory
loss | d. | coma | | |
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65.
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People dream a. | about 15 minutes during the night. | b. | about every 30
minutes in each 90 minute cycle. | c. | more often in NREM sleep than in REM
sleep. | d. | about 90 minutes a night. | | |
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66.
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A
very stressful day is likely to increase the amount of a. | somnambulism. | b. | sleep talking. | c. | NREM
sleep. | d. | REM sleep. | | |
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67.
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Which
of the following occurs during dream sleep? a. | irregular heart rate and blood
pressure | b. | delta waves | c. | increased muscle
tension | d. | sleep walking | | |
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68.
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Extensive study of dreams indicates that a. | nearly all
dreams are sexual. | b. | most dreams are extensions of everyday
experience. | c. | pleasant emotions are more frequent in dreams than
unpleasant. | d. | the content of dreams usually deals with psychological
violence. | | |
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69.
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In
Stage __________, a new brain wave begins to appear. __________ waves are very large and slow and
signal deeper sleep and a further loss of consciousness. a. | one;
Alpha | b. | two; Delta | c. | three;
Delta | d. | four; Alpha | | |
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70.
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Cocaine achieves its effect through the chemical messengers a. | dopamine and
noradrenaline. | b. | noradrenaline and THC. | c. | sopor and
phosphene. | d. | RNA and adrenaline. | | |
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71.
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Many
of the chemicals released by a burning cigarette are a. | harmless. | b. | carcinogens. | c. | unknown. | d. | tetrahydrines. | | |
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72.
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As
the muscles in your body relax during Stage 1 sleep, the reflex muscle contraction that may happen is
called a. | an autonomic
cramp. | b. | a hypnic jerk. | c. | restless leg
syndrome. | d. | hypnogogic image syndrome. | | |
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73.
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Which
waves are characteristic of stage 1 or light sleep? a. | beta
waves | b. | large regular waves with some sleep
spindles | c. | small irregular waves with some alpha
waves | d. | delta waves | | |
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74.
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Alcohol is classified as a a. | stimulant. | b. | depressant. | c. | hallucinogen. | d. | barbiturate. | | |
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75.
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A
person experiences blind panic, screaming, and thrashing around during the terror. This episode is
called a. | a
nightmare. | b. | a night terror. | c. | a REM rebound
episode. | d. | paradoxical sleep. | | |
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76.
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REM
sleep makes up about __________ percent of total sleep.
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77.
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Which
of the following statements concerning marijuana is TRUE? a. | There is a
direct link between marijuana and lung cancer. | b. | Long-term
marijuana users show no impairments of thinking abilities. | c. | Marijuana
temporarily lowers sperm production in males. | d. | Marijuana is
extremely harmful. | | |
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78.
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To be
conscious means to be __________ . a. | dreaming | b. | aware | c. | dynamic | d. | in
REM | | |
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79.
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At
the center of the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is the need to a. | give expression
to unfulfilled wishes. | b. | provide an outlet for repressed
thoughts. | c. | provide explanations for physiological
activity. | d. | exhibit socially acceptable behavior. | | |
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80.
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The
drug in America that causes the most damage is a. | marijuana. | b. | heroin. | c. | alcohol. | d. | cocaine. | | |
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81.
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EEG
records indicate that during sleep the brain a. | increases its activity. | b. | changes its
pattern of activity. | c. | reduces its activity. | d. | shuts
down. | | |
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82.
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A
person who has trouble getting to sleep is said to suffer from a. | narcolepsy. | b. | sleep apnea. | c. | insomnia. | d. | somnambulism. | | |
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