Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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"I am primarily interested in thinking processes; I am a __________
psychologist." a. | cognitive | b. | learning | c. | perception | d. | personality | | |
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2.
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Like
Carl Rogers, I believe people choose to live more creative and meaningful lives. My name
is a. | Wertheimer. | b. | Washburn. | c. | Skinner. | d. | Maslow. | | |
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3.
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Comparative psychologists are primarily interested in a. | stimulus-response connections. | b. | animal
behavior. | c. | the comparison of functional and behavioral
psychology. | d. | the comparison of different types of
psychotherapy. | | |
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4.
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Of
the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology? a. | Ivan
Pavlov | b. | B. F. Skinner | c. | Max
Wertheimer | d. | John Watson | | |
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5.
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Of
the following, who is a humanistic psychologist? a. | Sigmund Freud | b. | Abraham
Maslow | c. | B. F. Skinner | d. | John
Watson | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following represents an empirical statement? a. | Government
experts agree that a future downturn in the economy is likely. | b. | The temperature
today is higher than it was a year ago today. | c. | IQ is defined as
mental age, divided by age in years, times 100. | d. | Grandmothers
know best. | | |
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7.
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A
psychologist performs the following experiment: she gives subjects photographs of female faces and
asks them to rate the attractiveness of each face. However, some of the subjects have just had to
take a very difficult math test, while others have taken a very easy math test. The psychologist
would probably be a __________ psychologist. a. | industrial | b. | comparative | c. | developmental | d. | social | | |
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8.
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According to John Watson, introspection was a. | a valid method
of research. | b. | unscientific. | c. | the cornerstone
of behaviorism. | d. | the study of the mind in use. | | |
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9.
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One
of the reasons to study psychology is a. | to understand the human mind and how it
works. | b. | to learn how to manipulate others. | c. | to completely
understand and predict human behavior. | d. | to have the answers to all of life's
questions. | | |
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10.
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A
psychologist who studies family dynamics and their effects on behavior of individuals in different
regions would probably be a __________ psychologist. a. | learning | b. | cultural | c. | developmental | d. | cognitive | | |
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11.
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Which
of the following psychological theories is known as the one that emphasizes "free
will"? a. | psychodynamic
psychology | b. | behaviorism | c. | humanistic
psychology | d. | neo-Freudian psychology | | |
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12.
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The
study of similarities and differences in the behavior of different species is called a. | biology. | b. | comparative psychology. | c. | environmental
psychology. | d. | differential psychology. | | |
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13.
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Which
of the following is the best example of covert behavior? a. | blinking in
response to a light | b. | imitating a friend's gesture | c. | remembering a
pleasant experience | d. | rapid eye movements while sleeping | | |
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14.
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Which
of the following behaviors can best be described as overt behavior? a. | watching a TV
game show | b. | thinking about the answer to a contestant's
question | c. | being sad that the contestant answered
incorrectly | d. | wondering if there are any frozen waffles left in the
freezer | | |
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15.
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Which
of the following statements concerning psychodynamic psychology is true? a. | Freud's theories
were very involved and extensive, but they ended up contributing very little to our understanding of
human behavior. | b. | Freud's theories remain influential today and are largely
unchanged from their first conceptualizations. | c. | Almost
immediately, many of Freud's students broke away from his theories in order to modify and change
them. | d. | Psychodynamic psychology focuses on observable
behaviors. | | |
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16.
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Brain
mechanisms involved in hunger and thirst would most likely be studied by a a. | personality
theorist. | b. | sensory psychologist. | c. | learning
theorist. | d. | biopsychologist. | | |
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17.
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"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is represented by which of
the following? a. | the Gestalt
psychologists. | b. | the behaviorists. | c. | the
structuralists. | d. | the functionalists. | | |
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18.
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The
goals of psychology are to a. | develop effective methods of
psychotherapy. | b. | describe, predict, understand, and control
behavior. | c. | explain the functioning of the human
mind. | d. | compare, analyze, and control human
behavior. | | |
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19.
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Freud
believed that all thoughts and actions are determined by a. | the first year
of life. | b. | forces in the personality that are often
unconscious. | c. | needs for love and self-esteem. | d. | the drive for
self-actualization. | | |
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20.
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The
largest area of specialization among psychologists is a. | industrial and
organizational. | b. | experimental, physiological, and
comparative. | c. | social and personality. | d. | clinical and
counseling. | | |
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21.
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The
term cognition refers to a. | predicting the future. | b. | analysis and
synthesis. | c. | thinking or knowing. | d. | introspection. | | |
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22.
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Barbara is applying conditioning principles to teach language skills to retarded
children. As a psychologist, her point of view appears to be a. | Freudian. | b. | Gestalt. | c. | functionalist. | d. | behaviorist. | | |
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23.
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Strict behaviorists were criticized for overlooking the role that __________ plays in
our lives. a. | reward | b. | thinking | c. | punishment | d. | stimuli | | |
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24.
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A
psychologist who is "eclectic" can best be described as a. | rejecting
determinism in favor of free will. | b. | cognitive rather than behavioral. | c. | drawing from
many psychological approaches. | d. | preferring pseudo-psychological
approaches. | | |
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25.
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The
study of mental processes such as thinking, perception, information processing, etc. is a key element
in __________ psychology. a. | humanistic | b. | cognitive | c. | behavioral | d. | biological | | |
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26.
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Overt
behavior is a. | anything a
person does. | b. | only those things a person does which you can
see. | c. | only those
things which can be recorded by a camera. | d. | only those things which a person can see with his/her
senses. | | |
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27.
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Which
area in psychology would be most likely to study the phenomenon of "peer
influence"? a. | social | b. | comparative | c. | physiological | d. | school | | |
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28.
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Psychologists are all a. | scientists. | b. | practitioners. | c. | both scientists and practitioners. | d. | either
scientists or practitioners. | | |
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29.
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If
you were to walk into a laboratory where the effects of intense punishment on a rat's ability to form
a discrimination was being studied, you would be in the lab of a __________
psychologist. a. | physiological | b. | developmental | c. | learning | d. | social | | |
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30.
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Maslow proposed a need to develop one's potential and be the best one can be, which he
called a. | self-image. | b. | self-concept. | c. | self-esteem. | d. | self-actualization. | | |
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31.
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The
psychodynamic view emphasizes the role of __________ in development. a. | external rewards
and punishments | b. | internal impulses, desires, and
conflicts | c. | subjective experiences, potentials, and
ideals | d. | physiology, genetics, biochemistry, and
evolution | | |
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32.
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Psychology is a. | the study of human origins, evolution, and
cultures. | b. | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes of any
living creature. | c. | a natural science integrating physiology and
neurology. | d. | the deductive study of forms and functions of human
groups. | | |
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33.
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Of
the following, who was a structuralist? a. | B. F. Skinner | b. | John
Watson | c. | Wilhelm Wundt | d. | William
James | | |
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34.
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Some
modern psychodynamic theorists, or neo-Freudians, focused on a. | the
whole. | b. | social motives and relationships that influence our
behavior. | c. | human experience, problems, potentials, and
ideals. | d. | observable behaviors. | | |
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35.
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Some
topics in psychology are difficult to study because a. | they overlap
with other fields, such as law and business. | b. | of ethical
considerations. | c. | advanced technology that measures brain waves is not
available. | d. | of a lack of interest in human
behavior. | | |
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36.
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Behaviorism helped make psychology a a. | fad. | b. | science. | c. | specialty. | d. | hoax. | | |
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37.
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Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that psychiatrists a. | are physicians
with a specialization in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy. | b. | are extensively
trained in the theories and techniques of Sigmund Freud. | c. | are generally
more eclectic than psychologists. | d. | have a Masters or Ph.D. degree with special training in
psychological theory and research methods. | | |
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38.
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Developmental psychologists study the effects of __________ on
behavior. a. | marketing | b. | learning disabilities | c. | aging | d. | robotics | | |
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39.
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The
kind of therapy developed by Freud is called a. | Gestalt therapy. | b. | psychoanalysis. | c. | behavior modification. | d. | S-R
therapy. | | |
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40.
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Freud
stressed the role of __________ in shaping our personalities. a. | the structure of
the mind | b. | the function of our behaviors | c. | our history of
rewards and punishments | d. | the unconscious | | |
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41.
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The
"father" of psychology and founder of the first psychological laboratory
was a. | Wilhelm
Wundt. | b. | Sigmund Freud. | c. | John B.
Watson. | d. | B. F. Skinner. | | |
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42.
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You
see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. The psychologist talks to you about
your past and attempts to link your present situation with patterns developed in your childhood
during your relationship with your parents. The psychologist would probably belong to which school of
psychology? a. | humanistic
psychology | b. | psychodynamic psychology | c. | behaviorism | d. | Gestalt psychology | | |
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43.
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The
structuralist school of psychology a. | used introspection to analyze conscious
experience. | b. | relied heavily on the concept of natural
selection. | c. | was concerned with experiences as
"wholes." | d. | used dream analysis to reveal the
unconscious. | | |
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44.
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"Experience cannot be analyzed successfully into its elements" would likely
be said by a a. | Gestalt
psychology. | b. | behaviorist. | c. | structuralist. | d. | functionalist. | | |
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45.
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The
key idea in the behavioristic view is that a. | behavior is shaped and controlled by one's
environment. | b. | behavior is the result of clashing forces with the
personality. | c. | behavior can be understood in terms of the mental processing of
information. | d. | environment plays a very small role in controlling one's
behavior. | | |
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46.
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Evolutionary psychologists would study a. | the biological
makeup of the human mind across cultures. | b. | historical behavior of a single
species. | c. | developmentally how chimpanzees and humans are
similar. | d. | male and female trends in mating
choices. | | |
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47.
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A
practitioner who is intensively trained in the theories of Freud and treats patients by talking to
them is probably a a. | psychiatrist. | b. | clinical
psychologist. | c. | psychoanalyst. | d. | counseling
psychologist. | | |
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48.
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You
see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. The psychologist focuses on those
activities you engage in currently around which you feel depressed, and she talks with you about
changing these activities and thoughts that make you feel "down" and doing things which
make you happy. This psychologist would probably belong to the __________ school of
psychology. a. | humanistic | b. | psychodynamic | c. | behaviorist | d. | Gestalt | | |
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49.
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A
social scientist who characterizes his/her work as the study of the relationship between
environmental events and the behavior they produce without regard for experience or consciousness is
a a. | functionalist. | b. | structuralist. | c. | Gestalt
psychologist. | d. | behaviorist. | | |
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50.
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The
APA professional code stresses a. | high levels of competence, integrity, and
responsibility. | b. | use of the scientific method in testing
hypotheses. | c. | deception as a technique to engage the
psyche. | d. | cooperation with authorities when a client is suspected of a
crime. | | |
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51.
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A
psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic a. | focuses on self-image and self-actualization to explain
behavior. | b. | believes behavior is directed by forces within one's
personality which are often unconscious. | c. | emphasizes the study of observable
behavior. | d. | is usually eclectic in his practice. | | |
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52.
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You
see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you
have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices that you make in your life and
that you could make in your life. This psychologist would probably belong to the __________ school of
psychology. a. | humanistic | b. | psychodynamic | c. | behavioristic | d. | Gestalt | | |
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53.
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A
psychologist who studies gender issues focuses on a. | learning the differences between the sexes and how they
develop. | b. | cultural and family relationships. | c. | peer group
formation. | d. | cognitive processes. | | |
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54.
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__________ psychology is concerned with thinking, language, and problem
solving. a. | Behavioristic | b. | Psychoanalytic | c. | Cognitive | d. | Humanistic | | |
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55.
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Eclectic psychologists are known for a. | studying the
brain and nervous system. | b. | drawing on a variety of theoretical
views. | c. | prescribing drugs to treat emotional
disorders. | d. | stressing the role of the
unconscious. | | |
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56.
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Psychology is considered a science because it a. | gains
information through new methods and technology. | b. | accepts what
seems plausible and sensible. | c. | relies on direct observation and measurement of
behavior. | d. | studies animal as well as human
behavior. | | |
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57.
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Covert behavior is a. | anything a person does. | b. | only those
things a person does which you can see. | c. | only those things which can be recorded by a
camera. | d. | only those things which are not observable by
others. | | |
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58.
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Who
among the following can prescribe drugs to treat emotional problems? a. | psychiatrist | b. | social worker | c. | psychologist | d. | Gestalt therapist | | |
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59.
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The
proper use of reward, punishment, and behavior modification are results of a. | functionalism. | b. | humanism. | c. | structuralism. | d. | behaviorism. | | |
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60.
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The
eclectic approach a. | stresses the
Gestalt perspective. | b. | emphasizes structuralist principles. | c. | embraces a
variety of theoretical views. | d. | has disappeared entirely as a perspective in
psychology. | | |
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61.
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Repression refers to a. | thoughts mistakenly held out of
awareness. | b. | thoughts actively held out of
awareness. | c. | forgetfulness. | d. | the fact that
all thoughts, emotions, and actions are determined. | | |
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62.
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Psychologists use animals in experiments in order to a. | avoid using
unreliable human subjects. | b. | comply with government prohibitions against any unpleasant
experiments using human subjects. | c. | investigate problems that cannot be studied with human subjects
in order to discover principles that apply to humans. | d. | eliminate the
effect of the anthropomorphic fallacy. | | |
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63.
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A
common sense approach to psychology is a. | the most reliable. | b. | often
contradicted by empirical evidence. | c. | the basis for most psychological
theories. | d. | the basis for collecting data (observed
facts). | | |
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64.
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Of
the theorists listed below, who helped to develop the humanistic approach in
psychology? a. | Rogers | b. | Skinner | c. | Titchener | d. | Freud | | |
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65.
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William James wrote Principles of Psychology and founded a. | structuralism. | b. | functionalism. | c. | behaviorism. | d. | humanism. | | |
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66.
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__________ focus their work on the attempt to explain all behavior in terms of
internal physical mechanisms. a. | Biopsychologists | b. | Behaviorists | c. | Psychoanalysts | d. | Humanists | | |
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67.
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Psychodynamic psychology differs from other approaches because it is based
on a. | animal rather
than human models. | b. | thoughts and impulses outside of conscious
experience. | c. | introspection by trained subjects. | d. | laboratory
studies in controlled settings. | | |
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68.
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The
humanistic viewpoint emphasizes a. | free will, self-image, and
self-actualization. | b. | determinism, the unconscious, and biological
drives. | c. | natural selection and practical
skills. | d. | the idea that "the environment is the key causal
matrix." | | |
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69.
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According to John B. Watson, psychology is the study of a. | the
mind. | b. | conscious experience. | c. | mental
states. | d. | behavior. | | |
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70.
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"I seek to understand the principles whereby a child develops the ability to
think, speak, perceive, and learn." This statement identifies one as a __________
psychologist. a. | physiological | b. | social | c. | developmental | d. | sensory/perceptual | | |
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71.
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Behavior is a. | anything a person does. | b. | only those
things a person does which you can see. | c. | only those things which can be recorded by a
camera. | d. | only those things which a person can see with his/her
senses. | | |
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72.
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According to the __________ view, the need for love, self-esteem, belonging, self
expression, and creativity are as important as biological needs. a. | psychodynamic | b. | behavioristic | c. | humanistic | d. | cognitive | | |
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73.
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Biopsychologists a. | limit the scope of their study to
animals. | b. | are concerned with self-actualization and free
will. | c. | stress the unconscious aspect of
behavior. | d. | attempt to explain behavior in terms of biological or physical
mechanisms. | | |
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74.
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Which
of the following best describes Maslow's concept of self-actualization? a. | the need to
protect one's self-image through self-deception | b. | the need to feel
a part of a higher spiritual order | c. | the need to develop one's potential
fully | d. | self-actualization | | |
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75.
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Which
view of human nature is considered to be the most philosophical and the least
scientific? a. | behaviorism | b. | cognitive psychology | c. | humanism | d. | psychoanalysis | | |
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