Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
chief distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is a. | confusion of
fantasy and reality. | b. | antisocial conduct. | c. | overwhelming
anxiety. | d. | obsessive behavior. | | |
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2.
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A
common form of mental disorder afflicting 10-20% of the population is a. | schizophrenia. | b. | senile dementia. | c. | depression. | d. | delusional disorder. | | |
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3.
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Bob
has never met Madonna but he is convinced that she is deeply in love with him. Bob is suffering
from a. | grandiose
delusions. | b. | jealous delusions. | c. | obsessive-compulsive disorder. | d. | erotomanic
delusions. | | |
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4.
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If
you met an individual who appeared to be very charming at first, but later you discovered that he or
she manipulated people, caused others hurt without a second thought, and could not be depended upon,
you might suspect him of being a. | dependent. | b. | narcissistic. | c. | paranoid. | d. | antisocial. | | |
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5.
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A
much-feared outcome of Alzheimer's disease is a. | functional psychosis. | b. | paranoia. | c. | general paresis. | d. | senile
dementia. | | |
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6.
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Multiple personality or dissociative identity disorder often begins a. | as a result of
combat exhaustion. | b. | in adulthood as a response to unremitting
phobias. | c. | as a consequence of post-traumatic stress
disorders. | d. | in childhood as a result of unbearable
experiences. | | |
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7.
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A
person who has an extreme lack of self-confidence and who allows others to run his or her life is
said to have a(n) __________ personality. a. | dependent | b. | narcissistic | c. | paranoid | d. | antisocial | | |
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8.
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In
south and east Asia, a man may experience Koro, which is a. | schizophrenia. | b. | insanity. | c. | anxiety about
his penis receding into his body. | d. | depression. | | |
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9.
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Because there is considerable overlap among the types of schizophrenia, and because
patterns of behavior shift over time, many patients are simply classified as suffering from
__________ schizophrenia. a. | borderline | b. | atypical | c. | mixed | d. | undifferentiated | | |
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10.
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Retreat from reality by hallucinations and delusions and by social withdrawal
typically characterizes a. | somatoform disorders. | b. | anxiety
disorders. | c. | psychotic disorders. | d. | personality
disorders. | | |
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11.
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Persons who suffer from paraphilias are categorized as having a. | somatoform
disorders. | b. | generalized anxiety. | c. | sexual
disorders. | d. | personality disorders. | | |
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12.
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Which
of the following is related to recent attempts to find biochemical explanations for
schizophrenia? a. | schizotaxin | b. | psychotropin | c. | dopamine | d. | diazepam | | |
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13.
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Which
of the following is one reason given that more women than men are treated for psychological
problems? a. | Women are
subject to greater stress than men. | b. | As a result of cultural norms, women may be more willing to
admit distress. | c. | Some forms of mental disorders are sex-linked
recessive. | d. | Developmental tasks required of women are far more difficult
than those required of men. | | |
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14.
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The
Freudian explanation of anxiety disorders emphasizes a. | the avoidance
paradox. | b. | learned habits of self-defeating
behavior. | c. | forbidden impulses that threaten a loss of
control. | d. | the development of a faulty or inaccurate self-image and
distorted self-perceptions. | | |
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15.
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Statistical approaches to abnormality define as "abnormal" those
who a. | show evidence of
loss of contact with reality. | b. | are unhappy, withdrawn, and
depressed. | c. | deviate from typical or average patterns of
behavior. | d. | are disabled by anxiety. | | |
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16.
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A
rare condition in which separate personalities exist in the same person is called a. | dissociative
identity disorder. | b. | split personality. | c. | schizophrenia. | d. | amnesia. | | |
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17.
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A PET
scan involves the injection of a. | radioactive sugar. | b. | iodine. | c. | metal particles. | d. | xenon
gas. | | |
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18.
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If a
person suffering from schizophrenia has an identical twin, that twin a. | will have a 46
percent chance of becoming schizophrenic. | b. | will be no more likely than anyone else to become
schizophrenic. | c. | is almost sure to become
schizophrenic. | d. | is also likely to have more than one
personality. | | |
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19.
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The
most severe psychological disorder is a(n) a. | personality disorder. | b. | psychosomatic
illness. | c. | anxiety disorder. | d. | psychosis. | | |
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20.
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Persons who are excessively narcissistic, dependent, or antisocial are characterized
as having a. | somatoform
disorders. | b. | generalized anxiety. | c. | conversion
reactions. | d. | personality disorders. | | |
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21.
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Mood
disorders are those in which the person may a. | experience severe depression and threaten
suicide. | b. | exhibit symptoms suggesting physical disease or injury but for
which there is no identifiable cause. | c. | exhibit behavior that is the result of an organic brain
pathology. | d. | experience delusions and
hallucinations. | | |
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22.
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Schizophrenia is most commonly found in a. | adolescents. | b. | young adults. | c. | the middle
aged. | d. | the elderly. | | |
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23.
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The
famous ruling that led to the present day plea of "not guilty by reason of insanity" is
the a. | common law
defense. | b. | Harrison decision. | c. | M'Naghten
rule. | d. | Twinkie defense. | | |
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24.
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__________ schizophrenics shift from one pattern of schizophrenic behavior to
another. a. | Catatonic | b. | Disorganized | c. | Paranoid | d. | Undifferentiated | | |
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25.
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DSM
stands for a. | diagnostic
schedule of medicine. | b. | diagnostic and statistical manual. | c. | depressive scale
modalities. | d. | doctor of surgical medicine. | | |
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26.
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Conversion disorder and hypochondriasis are classified as a. | physio-mental
disorders. | b. | somatoform disorders. | c. | psychosomatic
disorders. | d. | somatization disorders. | | |
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27.
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In
most anxiety disorders, the person's distress is a. | focused on a specific situation. | b. | related to
ordinary life stresses. | c. | greatly out of proportion to the
situation. | d. | based on a physical cause. | | |
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28.
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An
unusual state called "waxy flexibility" is sometimes observed in __________
schizophrenia. a. | borderline | b. | disorganized | c. | catatonic | d. | paranoid | | |
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29.
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Roger
has been extremely anxious for much of the past year, but can't explain why. There is a good chance
that he is experiencing a. | a generalized anxiety disorder. | b. | sociopathy. | c. | psychosis. | d. | a nervous
breakdown. | | |
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30.
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Irrational and very specific fears that persist even when there is no real danger to a
person are called a. | anxieties. | b. | dissociation's. | c. | phobias. | d. | obsessions. | | |
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31.
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In
some countries, it is normal to defecate or urinate in public. This makes it clear that judgments of
the normality of behavior are a. | culturally relative. | b. | statistical. | c. | a matter of subjective discomfort. | d. | related to
conformity. | | |
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32.
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Three
year old Shawn ate lead paint which was chipping off the walls in an older home. Consequently, he
developed a psychosis based on brain damage due to lead poisoning. Shawn's psychosis would be called
a(n) a. | functional
psychosis. | b. | organic psychosis. | c. | neural
psychosis. | d. | neo-cortical psychosis. | | |
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33.
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False
beliefs that are held even when the facts contradict them are called a. | fantasies. | b. | hallucinations. | c. | illusions. | d. | delusions. | | |
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34.
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Jim
is in a constant state of anxiety and also has brief, sudden periods of panic. He also believes these
periods of panic will occur when he's in a public location; therefore, Jim is afraid to leave his
house. Jim's diagnosis is a. | agoraphobia. | b. | panic
disorder. | c. | panic disorder with agoraphobia. | d. | panic disorder
without agoraphobia. | | |
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35.
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Mary
believes that she is the Queen of England. She is having a. | depressive
delusions. | b. | delusions of grandeur. | c. | delusions of
reference. | d. | delusions of persecution. | | |
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36.
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True
paranoids are rarely treated or admitted to hospitals because a. | they are
potentially harmful and dangerous to others. | b. | they resist the
attempts of others to offer help. | c. | their severe hallucinations make reasoning with them
impossible. | d. | psychiatric hospitals are primarily for
psychotics. | | |
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37.
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The
most widely used system of psychological classification today is a. | the Freudian
Psychoanalytic System (FPS). | b. | found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-IV). | c. | the system designed by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen
Bleuler. | d. | to be found in the Federal Uniform Code of Psychopathology
(UCP). | | |
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38.
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The
insanity defense dates back to the English courts, where it was originally held that to be
responsible for an act, the defendant must a. | understand the wrongfulness of the
act. | b. | be in a state of
diminished capacity. | c. | have acted on an irresistible
impulse. | d. | be able to recall the criminal act. | | |
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39.
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Behaviorists would say that self-defeating behaviors are maintained by immediate
reinforcement in the form of a. | relief from anxiety. | b. | defending the
ego. | c. | protecting one's
self-image. | d. | avoiding existential anxiety. | | |
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40.
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When
a person's sexual identity does not match his or her physical gender, the diagnosis
is a. | paraphilia. | b. | sexual dysfunction. | c. | gender identity
disorder. | d. | androgyny. | | |
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41.
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It
has been discovered that all major anti-psychotic drugs a. | block the action
of dopamine. | b. | facilitate the action of dopamine. | c. | increase levels
of dopamine. | d. | decrease levels of dopamine. | | |
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42.
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An
inability to behave in ways that foster the well-being of the individual and ultimately of society
defines a. | insanity. | b. | psychopathology. | c. | self-destructiveness. | d. | social nonconformity. | | |
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43.
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Discomfort in social situations, fear of evaluation, and timidity are characteristic
of what personality disorder? a. | histrionic | b. | obsessive-compulsive | c. | schizoid | d. | avoidant | | |
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44.
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The
term schizophrenia can be interpreted to mean a. | a split between
thought and emotion. | b. | having more than one personality. | c. | the same thing
as a dissociative reaction. | d. | that a person is insane. | | |
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45.
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Carson recently lost his job and has a great debt accumulated from gambling. He also
has been feeling extreme pressure about not being able to take care of his eight children. After
having too much to drink, Carson ran over a child crossing the street. Immediately following this
episode, Carson could not remember who he was. This example illustrates a. | dissociative
amnesia. | b. | dissociative fugue. | c. | dissociative
identity disorder. | d. | multiple personality disorder. | | |
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46.
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A
person who experiences a long series of imagined physical complaints suffers from a. | a conversion
reaction. | b. | somatization disorder. | c. | a traumatic
disorder. | d. | an obsession. | | |
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47.
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When
Sara returned from combat in the Gulf War, she began experiencing high anxiety that has persisted
without any improvement. This example illustrates which anxiety related disorder? a. | panic | b. | post-traumatic stress | c. | phobia | d. | obsessive-compulsive | | |
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48.
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Gregory has been homeless for the past 3 years. The stress of being homeless seems to
have contributed to the onset of psychosis. This example illustrates what risk factor for mental
disorders? a. | social | b. | family | c. | psychological | d. | biological | | |
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49.
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A
researcher seeking an organic basis for schizophrenia would be well-advised to investigate the role
of a. | amphetamines and
amphetamine receptors. | b. | adrenaline and noradrenaline. | c. | histamine and
antihistamine. | d. | dopamine and dopamine receptors. | | |
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50.
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Which
of the following is characteristic of a dissociative disorder? a. | phobic
disorder | b. | amnesia | c. | paranoia | d. | depression | | |
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51.
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__________ schizophrenia usually involves delusions of persecution and
grandeur. a. | Catatonic | b. | Disorganized | c. | Paranoid | d. | Undifferentiated | | |
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52.
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A
psychosis arising from an advanced stage of syphilis, in which the disease attacks brain cells, is
called a. | Korsakoff's
syndrome. | b. | delirium tremens. | c. | schizotypical
psychosis. | d. | general paresis. | | |
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53.
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A
disorder characterized by continuous tension and occasional anxiety attacks in which persons think
they are going insane or are about to die is called a a. | panic
disorder. | b. | phobia. | c. | depressive
psychosis. | d. | hysterical reaction. | | |
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54.
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The
extreme reaction known as fugue refers to a. | physical flight to escape conflict. | b. | severe
depression. | c. | hallucinations. | d. | obsessive
behavior. | | |
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55.
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Disorganized schizophrenia is characterized by a. | attacks of fear
or panic. | b. | silliness, laughter, and bizarre
behavior. | c. | delusions of persecution. | d. | severe
depression. | | |
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56.
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In
the United States and Latin America, Latinos use the term __________ to refer to chronic
psychosis. a. | mania | b. | hispania | c. | locura | d. | agua | | |
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57.
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The
term "nervous breakdown" a. | refers to very severe psychotic behavior
episodes. | b. | is a legal, not a psychological,
term. | c. | has no formal psychological meaning. | d. | refers to a
severe, but transient, depression. | | |
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58.
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Psychological dependence on mood- or behavior-altering drugs is known
as a. | drug
psychosis. | b. | a substance related disorder. | c. | an
orthopsychosis. | d. | a psychotropic disorder. | | |
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59.
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Grace's actions resemble movie stereotypes of "crazy" behavior. Her
personality disintegration is extreme. She engages in silly laughter, bizarre mannerisms, and obscene
behavior. Her diagnosis is probably a. | paranoid schizophrenia. | b. | borderline
schizophrenia. | c. | catatonic schizophrenia. | d. | disorganized
schizophrenia. | | |
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60.
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Which
of the following is classified as a mood disorder? a. | bipolar
disorder | b. | multiple personality disorder | c. | delusional
disorder | d. | dissociative disorder | | |
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61.
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Current research suggests the cause of Alzheimer's disease is a. | brain
pathology. | b. | a traumatic childhood. | c. | inconsistent and
ineffective parenting. | d. | persistent delusional thoughts. | | |
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62.
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Dysthymic disorder and cyclothymic disorder are two varieties of a. | mood
disorder. | b. | conversion disorder. | c. | schizophrenia. | d. | somatoform disorder. | | |
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63.
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Which
of the following is a dissociative disorder? a. | depression | b. | phobic
disorder | c. | multiple personality | d. | paranoia | | |
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64.
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The
antisocial personality a. | avoids other people as much as
possible. | b. | is relatively easy to treat effectively by
psychotherapy. | c. | tends to be selfish and lacking
remorse. | d. | usually gives a bad first impression. | | |
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65.
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Belief that one's body is "rotting" and ravaged by disease would be
classified as a. | somatic
delusions. | b. | delusions of grandeur. | c. | delusions of
influence. | d. | delusions of persecution. | | |
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66.
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The
distinction between obsessions and compulsions is the distinction between a. | engaging in
behaviors that are merely inconvenient and those that are severely
disruptive. | b. | having positive and negative feelings toward an object or
event. | c. | thoughts that are evidence of neurosis or those that are
evidence of psychosis. | d. | having repetitious thoughts or engaging in repetitious
actions. | | |
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67.
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Hearing voices that are not really there would be called a(n) a. | hallucination. | b. | delusion. | c. | auditory
regression. | d. | depressive psychosis. | | |
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68.
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Behavioral problems in which the person exhibits symptoms suggesting physical disease
or injury, but for which there is no identifiable cause, are called a. | mood
disorders. | b. | schizophrenia. | c. | organic brain
pathologies. | d. | somatoform disorders. | | |
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69.
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Mutism, stupor, and a marked decrease in responsiveness to the environment are often
seen in a. | catatonic
episodes. | b. | paranoid schizophrenia. | c. | manic
episodes. | d. | borderline schizophrenia. | | |
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70.
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Obsessive-compulsive behavior, panic, and phobias are formally classified as
__________ disorders. a. | psychotic | b. | manic | c. | anxiety | d. | mood | | |
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71.
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Robert was found wandering naked in the campus parking lot, proclaiming himself to be
"Father Time." He shows evidence of a(n) __________ disorder. a. | anxiety | b. | psychotic | c. | personality | d. | affective | | |
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72.
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A
person who mistrusts others and is hypersensitive and guarded may be classified as a(n) __________
personality. a. | dependent | b. | antisocial | c. | narcissistic | d. | paranoid | | |
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73.
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Delusional thinking is characteristic of a. | psychosis. | b. | obsessive-compulsive disorder. | c. | conversion
disorder. | d. | fugue. | | |
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74.
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"I believe Amanda's anxiety and defensiveness are the result of an unrealistic
self-image and an inability to take responsibility for her feelings." This statement would most
likely have been made by a a. | psychodynamic theorist. | b. | Freudian
therapist. | c. | humanistic psychologist. | d. | behavioristic
theorist. | | |
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75.
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A
person who is preoccupied with fears of having a serious disease suffers from a. | a conversion
reaction. | b. | hypochondriasis. | c. | a traumatic
disorder. | d. | an obsession. | | |
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76.
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Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of a stimulus are
called a. | illusions. | b. | hallucinations. | c. | delusions. | d. | affect episodes. | | |
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77.
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In
general, schizophrenia is characterized by a. | rapid and unpredictable changes in
emotion. | b. | delusions of persecution and somatic
complaints. | c. | blunted or inappropriate emotions and
withdrawal. | d. | high levels of anxiety coupled with a lack of
conscience. | | |
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78.
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One
who is quite concerned with orderliness, perfectionism, and a rigid routine might be classified as
a(n) __________ personality. a. | histrionic | b. | obsessive-compulsive | c. | schizoid | d. | avoidant | | |
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79.
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Irrational acts a person feels driven to repeat are called __________. They help
control anxiety caused by __________. a. | obsessions; compulsions | b. | compulsions;
obsessions | c. | compulsions; defense mechanisms | d. | defense
mechanisms; obsessions | | |
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80.
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Sudden temporary amnesia or instances of multiple personality are __________
disorders. a. | dissociative | b. | anxiety | c. | psychotic | d. | schizophrenic | | |
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81.
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John
has a lack of interest in friends or lovers and experiences very little emotion. He can be described
as having which of the following personality disorders? a. | avoidant | b. | schizoid | c. | borderline | d. | paranoid | | |
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82.
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Amnesia, fugue, and multiple personality are all classified as which behavior
disorder? a. | obsessive-compulsive disorder | b. | organic brain
syndrome | c. | affective disorder | d. | dissociative
disorder | | |
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83.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorders involve a. | loss of contact
with reality. | b. | unresolved anger. | c. | unresolved
Oedipal conflict. | d. | high levels of anxiety. | | |
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84.
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When
sadness and despondency are exaggerated or prolonged and an extremely negative self-image prevails,
we would suspect a(n) a. | dissociative reaction. | b. | mood
disorder. | c. | somatoform disorder. | d. | anxiety
disorder. | | |
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85.
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The
dopamine-psychosis link is based on the observation that a. | low dopamine
levels of activity in the brain seem to produce psychotic symptoms. | b. | there are high
levels of dopamine activity in the brains of psychotic people. | c. | there are high
levels of amphetamine in the brains of schizophrenics. | d. | dopamine
interacts with serotonin creating psychosis. | | |
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86.
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The
antisocial personality is one who a. | is irresponsible and seems to lack
remorse. | b. | is frequently dangerous and out of contact with
reality. | c. | is always a delinquent or criminal. | d. | benefits greatly
from humanistic and psychoanalytic therapies. | | |
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87.
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Behavioral problems caused by senility, drug damage, brain injury or disease, and the
toxic effects of poisons are classified as __________ disorders. a. | organic | b. | psychotic | c. | somatic | d. | substance use | | |
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88.
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Which
of the following personality disorders describes a person who has an extremely unstable self image,
is moody, and does not develop stable relationships? a. | borderline | b. | histrionic | c. | narcissistic | d. | schizoid | | |
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89.
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Phobias differ from ordinary fears in that they frequently involve a. | specific objects
or situations. | b. | bugs and crawling things. | c. | intense
reactions like vomiting or fainting. | d. | heights and unfamiliar places. | | |
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90.
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Julie
can't stop thinking about germs and dirt. She spends all day cleaning her house. She is suffering
from a. | phobic
disorder. | b. | paranoia. | c. | delusional
disorder. | d. | obsessive-compulsive disorder. | | |
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91.
|
Which
of the following personality disorders describes a person who has an exaggerated sense of
self-importance and who needs constant admiration? a. | dependent | b. | histrionic | c. | narcissistic | d. | schizoid | | |
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92.
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CT
scans of the brains of some young schizophrenics show __________ than normal. a. | wider
ventricles | b. | smaller fissures | c. | smaller
ventricles | d. | fewer fissures | | |
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93.
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A
core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is a. | culturally
absolute. | b. | learned. | c. | maladaptive. | d. | dependent on age. | | |
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94.
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The
most effective method of predicting that a mental patient will commit an act of violence is
by a. | psychological
tests. | b. | psychiatric interviews. | c. | psychological
interviews. | d. | There is no effective method. | | |
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95.
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Failure of hospital staff to detect fake patients in David Rosenhan's studies can be
attributed to the a. | acting ability
of the pseudo-patients. | b. | generally low quality of training of hospital staff
members. | c. | effects of labeling and context. | d. | fact that
pseudo-patients were so heavily drugged. | | |
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