Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
main function of myelin is to a. | form a protective coating over nerve
axons. | b. | affect the speed of nerve impulses. | c. | block the
reception of acetylcholine. | d. | aid a nerve's receptivity to neurotransmitters by increasing
the number of receptor sites available. | | |
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2.
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The
part of the nerve cell specialized for conducting information is the a. | axon. | b. | cell body. | c. | soma. | d. | neurilemma. | | |
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3.
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The
cell body of a neuron is also called the a. | dendrite. | b. | axon. | c. | myelin. | d. | soma. | | |
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4.
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Neurons are made up of dendrites, a soma, and a. | axons. | b. | axles. | c. | atoms. | d. | axes. | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following is NOT a part of a neuron? a. | axon | b. | axon terminal | c. | synapse | d. | soma | | |
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6.
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The
nature of a nerve impulse is primarily a/an __________ event; whereas, the nature of the
communication between neurons is primarily a/an __________ event. a. | chemical;
electrical | b. | acetylcholine; catecholamine | c. | dendrite;
axon | d. | electrical;
chemical | | |
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7.
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Acetylcholine, epinephrine, dopamine, and histamine are a. | prescription-only drugs. | b. | synapses. | c. | neurotransmitters. | d. | beta blockers. | | |
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8.
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The
conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called a(n) a. | ion
potential. | b. | action potential. | c. | resting
discharge. | d. | synapse. | | |
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9.
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Communication within a neuron is __________, while communication between neurons is
__________. a. | chemical;
electrical | b. | electrical; mechanical | c. | electrical;
chemical | d. | mechanical; electrical | | |
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10.
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The
branching fibers of the __________ end in __________ and link with parts of other
neurons. a. | soma; somatic
membranes | b. | nucleus; nucleic dampers | c. | dendrite;
dendritic arcs | d. | axon; axon terminals | | |
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11.
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After
successfully running from the large, snarling, drooling grizzly bear that was running directly toward
you, you pause to catch your breath and collect your wits. The physical symptoms you now experience
are controlled by the a. | sympathetic nervous system. | b. | parasympathetic
nervous system. | c. | central nervous system. | d. | neurotransmitter
acetylcholine. | | |
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12.
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An
action potential actually occurs because a. | the interior of the nerve cell becomes
positive. | b. | the interior of the nerve cell becomes
negative. | c. | potassium ions enter the nerve cell. | d. | sodium ions
leave the nerve cell. | | |
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13.
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The
charge that exists across the nerve cell membrane is a result of differing a. | amounts of DNA
and RNA. | b. | types of neurotransmitters on either side of the nerve cell
membrane. | c. | types of neurons inside and outside the nerve cell
membrane. | d. | concentrations of ions on either side of the nerve cell
membrane. | | |
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14.
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The
part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the a. | axon. | b. | myelin. | c. | axon
terminal. | d. | dendrite. | | |
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15.
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Nerve
cell bodies and dendrites are not the only locations sensitive to neurotransmitters. Receptor sites
can also be found on a. | muscles and glands. | b. | skeletal
joints. | c. | axon terminals. | d. | all vital
organs. | | |
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16.
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The
channels that transport sodium and potassium within the axon are called a. | DNA and RNA
channels. | b. | membrane channels. | c. | neurons
channels. | d. | ion channels. | | |
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17.
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Neurons conduct an action potential a. | when sodium is
pumped out of the neuron. | b. | when molecular gates open to allow sodium ions into a
neuron. | c. | when the electrical stimulation dips below -70
millivolts. | d. | only if surrounded by a myelin
sheath. | | |
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18.
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Neurotransmitters are primarily associated with the a. | synapse. | b. | soma. | c. | neurilemma. | d. | production of ion potentials. | | |
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19.
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Body
cells specialized to carry and process information are called a. | neurotransmitters. | b. | synapses. | c. | ions. | d. | neurons. | | |
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20.
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Which
is the best explanation of how a nerve impulse is carried from one neuron to another? The action
potential or impulse a. | jumps the synapse similar to the way a spark jumps the gap in a
spark plug. | b. | causes the axon terminal to squirt out a chemical toward the
next neuron. | c. | causes the axon terminal to expand and touch a receptor
site. | d. | bursts open a gap in the wall of the next neuron's
dendrite. | | |
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21.
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The
fastest neurons can send impulses at about __________ miles per hour.
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22.
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A
nerve cell carrying information from your brain to muscles and glands is called a(n) a. | motor
neuron. | b. | effector cell. | c. | connector
neuron. | d. | sensory neuron. | | |
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23.
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The
"emergency" part of the nervous system that prepares the body for "fight or
flight" is the __________ branch. a. | sympathetic | b. | parasympathetic | c. | central | d. | peripheral | | |
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24.
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The
effect of mind-altering drugs may be a result of their a. | toxic effects on
sensitive neural tissues. | b. | ability to lower neural thresholds in brain
tissue. | c. | ability to imitate or block
neurotransmitters. | d. | stimulation of enkephalin production in
regulator. | | |
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25.
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A
nerve impulse is also called a(n) a. | negative after-image. | b. | action
potential. | c. | refractory energy burst. | d. | resting energy
burst. | | |
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26.
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Muscles can contract because they are made up of a. | motor
neurons. | b. | effector cells. | c. | connector
neurons. | d. | sensory neurons. | | |
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27.
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The
"all-or-nothing event" refers to the fact that a. | nerve cells are
continuously active. | b. | action potentials occur completely or not at
all. | c. | an electrical
current crosses the synapse completely or not at all. | d. | all the neurons
in a particular "lobe" of the brain fire or none of them fire. | | |
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28.
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A
barefoot child steps on a bee, then jerks his or her foot back in response to the sting. This
response has likely involved all parts of the nervous system EXCEPT a. | the
brain. | b. | the spinal cord. | c. | motor
neurons. | d. | connector neurons or interneurons. | | |
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29.
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The
chemicals released at an axon terminal are called a. | axonic ions. | b. | neural
facilitators. | c. | neurotransmitters. | d. | synaptic
facilitators. | | |
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30.
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Neurotransmitters are released at the a. | axon
hillock. | b. | myelin sheath. | c. | axon
terminals. | d. | telodendria. | | |
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31.
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An
action potential refers to the traveling of a nerve impulse along the a. | axon. | b. | dendrite. | c. | axon
terminal. | d. | cell membrane. | | |
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32.
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The
role of the __________ nervous system is to relax the body and return it to a lower level of
arousal. a. | sympathetic | b. | parasympathetic | c. | endocrine | d. | somatic | | |
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33.
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Electrically charged particles of the elements __________ are crucial in the
transmission of the nerve impulse. a. | iron and sodium | b. | iron and
potassium | c. | sodium and nickel | d. | sodium and
potassium | | |
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34.
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The
autonomic nervous system contains two branches called the a. | spinal nerves
and cranial nerves. | b. | somatic and spinal systems. | c. | sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems. | d. | parasympathetic and spinal systems. | | |
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35.
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__________ is the correct sequence of events in communicating a stimulus (such as
stepping on a tack) to another neuron. a. | Stimulus - electrical impulse - neurotransmitter - receptor
site | b. | Electrical
impulse - receptor site - neurotransmitter - stimulus | c. | Receptor site -
electrical impulse - stimulus - neurotransmitter | d. | Receptor site -
stimulus - electrical impulse - neurotransmitter | | |
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36.
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Information is first received by a nerve cell at the a. | axon. | b. | nucleus. | c. | dendrites. | d. | telodendria. | | |
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37.
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In
the nervous system, electrical charges are set up because of unequal concentrations of ions inside
and outside the cell. This state is known as a(n) a. | resting potential. | b. | equilibrium
potential. | c. | state of potential nerve energy. | d. | action
potential. | | |
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38.
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The
function of the sympathetic nervous system is to prepare the body for a. | "fight or
flight." | b. | returning to equilibrium. | c. | maintaining
vital bodily functions. | d. | input from cranial nerves. | | |
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39.
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The
microscopic space between two neurons is called a(n) a. | enkephalins. | b. | acetylcholine. | c. | catecholamine. | d. | synapse. | | |
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40.
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A
nerve cell carrying information from your eyes, ears, fingers, etc. toward the CNS is called
a(n) a. | motor
neuron. | b. | effector cell. | c. | connector
neuron. | d. | sensory neuron. | | |
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41.
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Emotional responses to a traumatic event are most directly under the control of
the a. | somatic nervous
system. | b. | central nervous system. | c. | autonomic
nervous system. | d. | cerebral cortex. | | |
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42.
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The
fatty layer of tissue that gives many nerves a whitish color is called a. | myelin. | b. | neurilemma. | c. | neuropeptides. | d. | endorphins. | | |
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43.
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The
soma is the part of the nerve cell that a. | serves as a specialized receiving area for
information. | b. | collects and combines incoming
information. | c. | carries nerve impulses over large
distances. | d. | forms branching connections at the end of each
axon. | | |
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44.
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What
effect do neurotransmitters from one neuron have on the next neuron? a. | They have no
effect. | b. | They excite it. | c. | They inhibit
it. | d. | They may excite
or inhibit it. | | |
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45.
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Many
of the chemicals that affect the brain operate by a. | absorbing neural impulses. | b. | imitating or
canceling the effects of neurotransmitters. | c. | changing the
sodium balance in the synapse. | d. | duplicating the effect of potassium in the
nuclei. | | |
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