Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Gorging on food and then vomiting or taking laxatives to avoid gaining weight is
called a. | behavioral
dieting. | b. | fad dieting. | c. | purging. | d. | bulimia nervosa. | | |
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2.
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You
and a friend play three hours of racquetball. Afterwards, you are most likely to
prefer a. | plain
water. | b. | a slightly salty liquid. | c. | a beverage
containing some alcohol. | d. | milk. | | |
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3.
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Buford complains that he can play his tuba beautifully at home, but each time he tries
to play at the local talent show he sounds like a bull elk in rutting season. His problem is
explained by a. | the
Yerkes-Dodson Law. | b. | the effects of homeostasis. | c. | habituation. | d. | biorhythms. | | |
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4.
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Which
is a cause of anorexia? a. | sibling rivalry | b. | an overly
realistic view of normal size | c. | food allergies | d. | perfectionism | | |
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5.
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At
the highest levels of arousal, a. | the individual becomes emotional, frenzied, and
disorganized. | b. | only biological needs can be met. | c. | performance on
the most complex tasks improves. | d. | intellectual products exhibit great
creativity. | | |
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6.
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According to the Cannon-Bard theory, a. | the thalamus
plays a central role in producing emotions. | b. | the cerebellum
must give the go-ahead for emotion. | c. | activity in the occipital and parietal lobes happens
simultaneously to produce emotion. | d. | the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work in
concert. | | |
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7.
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People from different cultures can recognize which facial
expressions? a. | fear | b. | anger | c. | disgust | d. | all of these | | |
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8.
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You
are feeling a lot of fear, the brain site most likely involved is a. | the
midbrain. | b. | the left hemisphere. | c. | the right
hemisphere. | d. | the amygdala. | | |
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9.
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If
the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed, a rat will a. | drink more water than biologically
needed. | b. | refuse to drink until forced to do
so. | c. | eat until it
becomes obese. | d. | refuse to eat until force fed. | | |
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10.
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Cutting sensory nerves from the stomach, or removing it entirely,
causes a. | a total loss of
appetite. | b. | eating based on recognized need, not internal feelings of
hunger. | c. | some changes in eating, but hunger still
occurs. | d. | the need for patients to be "trained" to eat;
otherwise, they would inadvertently starve to death. | | |
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11.
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Which
is TRUE regarding the influence of cultural values on eating behaviors? a. | They are the
primary cause of innate taste aversion. | b. | They greatly affect the incentive value of various
foods. | c. | They determine a person's set point for various
foods. | d. | They have a homeostatic influence on amount of food
consumed. | | |
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12.
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Kinesics refers to the study of a. | body language. | b. | emotional
expression. | c. | ANS arousal during emotional states. | d. | emotional
expression in animals and humans. | | |
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13.
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Stimulus motives are a. | needs that are learned, such as the needs for power or for
achievement. | b. | innate but not necessary for
survival. | c. | not innate but necessary for
survival. | d. | innate and necessary for survival. | | |
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14.
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The
polygraph or "lie detector" primarily measures which component of emotion? a. | attribution | b. | emotional expression | c. | physiological
arousal | d. | vocal modulation | | |
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15.
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If
the ventromedial hypothalamus is destroyed, a rat will a. | eat until it
becomes obese. | b. | refuse to eat until forced to do so. | c. | drink
excessively. | d. | refuse to drink until forced to do
so. | | |
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16.
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The
chief antidote for test anxiety is a. | overpreparation. | b. | thought
suppression. | c. | regression. | d. | discussing the
problem with your professor. | | |
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17.
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Taste
aversions are a type of classical conditioning, and if there is a long delay between the CS and US,
conditioning is usually prevented. The fact that people and animals can develop taste aversions even
though sickness occurs long after eating indicates that a. | taste aversions
are really more like operant conditioning. | b. | taste aversions can be unlearned as
well. | c. | there is a biological tendency to associate sickness with any
food eaten earlier. | d. | there is less aversion associated with the actual sickness than
with whatever caused the sickness in the first place. | | |
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18.
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The
most universally recognized facial expression is a. | pursed lips. | b. | smiling. | c. | sticking out your tongue. | d. | raising your
eyebrows. | | |
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19.
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Intrinsic motivation occurs when a. | obligations or approval are factors. | b. | there is no
obvious external reward for one's behavior. | c. | there are
obvious external factors controlling behavior. | d. | extrinsic
motivation is also high. | | |
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20.
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A
competitive diver approaches the end of the board with rapidly beating heart and a dry mouth, a
result of increased a. | adrenaline. | b. | amines. | c. | cortisone. | d. | endorphins. | | |
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21.
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If a
food causes sickness, or simply precedes sickness caused by something else, a learned __________ may
result. a. | psychosomatic
illness | b. | taste aversion | c. | anorexia | d. | specific hunger | | |
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22.
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The
hypothalamus has __________ hunger center(s). a. | no control over | b. | total control
over | c. | the most direct
control over | d. | one | | |
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23.
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When
a polygraph operator asks a subject, "Have you ever lied to your parents?" he or she is
using a. | a control
question. | b. | a critical question. | c. | deception. | d. | an irrelevant question. | | |
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24.
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A
person got very sick after eating a cheese danish. It is likely that the person will a. | eventually eat
another cheese danish. | b. | eat another kind of danish. | c. | never eat
another cheese danish. | d. | only eat cheese danishs from now on. | | |
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25.
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Which
of the following is the correct sequence for the motivational process? a. | reinforcement -
need - behavioral response | b. | need - drive - behavioral response | c. | drive -
behavioral response - need | d. | behavioral response - drive - need | | |
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26.
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Push
is to pull as __________ is to __________. a. | goal; need | b. | response;
need | c. | episodic;
cyclic | d. | need; goal | | |
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27.
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The
most critical physiological factor controlling hunger is the a. | level of blood
sugar. | b. | presence of stomach contractions. | c. | taste of
food. | d. | presence of weakness or fatigue. | | |
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28.
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Researchers are certain that facial expressions of __________ are recognized by people
of all cultures, but they are not so certain that facial expressions of __________ are
universal. a. | fear;
interest | b. | sadness; surprise | c. | anger;
contempt | d. | disgust; horror | | |
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29.
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The
maintenance of steady states of temperature and blood pressure are examples of a. | thermostasis. | b. | homeostasis. | c. | intrinsic
motivation. | d. | biological rhythm. | | |
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30.
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The
employees at a factory were excellent workers until a week before Christmas when a rumor spread that
economic conditions would force the plant to close in four days. The quality and quantity of work
took a down turn as the workers spent time discussing among themselves the plausibility of the rumor
and what they would do if it were true. Maslow would say that these workers were motivated
by a. | meta-needs. | b. | intrinsic motivation. | c. | esteem and
self-esteem. | d. | safety and security. | | |
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31.
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Unlearned biological motives necessary for survival are termed a. | primary
motives. | b. | secondary motives. | c. | drives. | d. | stimulus motives. | | |
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32.
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Which
theory of emotion holds the view that bodily changes PRECEDE emotion and that we experience an
emotion AFTER our body reacts? a. | the common sense theory | b. | the Cannon-Bard
theory | c. | attribution theory | d. | the James-Lange
theory | | |
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33.
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Sensory distortions and disturbed thinking reported by people who have undergone
sensory deprivation support the __________ theory of motivation. a. | drive
reduction | b. | arousal | c. | episodic | d. | opponent-process | | |
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34.
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In
hunger, a set point is a. | similar to a body's thermostat for blood
sugar. | b. | the weight you maintain when you attempt to
diet. | c. | related to the proportion of body fat your body normally
maintains. | d. | determined by adult eating habits. | | |
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35.
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The
polygraph's most common error is to a. | fail to detect persons who can lie without
anxiety. | b. | fail to detect persons who are
guilty. | c. | identify as guilty persons who are
innocent. | d. | identify as innocent persons who are easily
aroused. | | |
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36.
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Which
of the following is a secondary motive? a. | curiosity | b. | the desire for
money | c. | physical contact | d. | thirst | | |
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37.
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What
is the correct order of needs in Maslow's hierarchy? a. | physiological;
esteem; safety; self-actualization; love and belonging | b. | self-actualization; physiological; safety; love and belonging;
esteem | c. | physiological; safety; love and belonging; esteem;
self-actualization | d. | self-actualization; safety; love and belonging; esteem;
physiological | | |
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38.
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Stimulus motives differ from primary motives in that they a. | are unlearned
and necessary for survival. | b. | appear to be innate, but are not necessary for
survival. | c. | are acquired through various forms of conditioning and
learning. | d. | include needs for security, status, approval, and
achievement. | | |
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39.
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Motivation is the process of initiating, __________, and directing activities of the
organism a. | supplying | b. | sustaining | c. | surveying | d. | suspending | | |
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40.
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According to Maslow's theory, the basic needs include a. | physiological
needs, safety, and security. | b. | safety, love, and belonging. | c. | physiological
needs and belonging. | d. | security and esteem. | | |
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41.
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In
both males and females, pupil size is related to a. | attractiveness to others. | b. | perceived
intelligence. | c. | perceived locus of control. | d. | desirability as
a leader. | | |
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42.
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The
question, "Is your address (person's address)?" asked during the administration of a lie
detector test, is a(n) __________ question. a. | control | b. | critical | c. | relevant | d. | irrelevant | | |
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43.
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Which
theory holds that we are afraid because we run or are angry because we strike? a. | attribution | b. | James-Lange | c. | Cannon-Bard | d. | cognitive | | |
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44.
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People who have had their stomachs surgically removed a. | report they
still have hunger pangs. | b. | may fail to eat regularly. | c. | must be force
fed. | d. | still experience
hunger. | | |
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45.
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At
the top of Maslow's hierarchy of motives are a. | love and belonging. | b. | esteem and
self-esteem. | c. | self-actualization. | d. | safety and
security. | | |
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46.
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If
you saw George with his pupils dilated (enlarged), you would most likely assume that he
was a. | angry. | b. | disgusted. | c. | happy. | d. | scared. | | |
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47.
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If an
overweight adult was overfed as a child, as an adult he or she will have __________ fat
cells. a. | larger | b. | more and larger | c. | more | d. | the same number of | | |
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48.
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Which
of the following statements about the sex drive is TRUE? a. | The sex drive is
greatly affected by hormone levels in humans. | b. | The sex drive is
necessary for individual survival. | c. | The sex drive is homeostatic. | d. | The influence of
hormones decreases as we ascend the biological scale. | | |
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49.
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Moods a. | are the most extreme forms of various
emotions. | b. | are subtle emotional undercurrents. | c. | reflect base
physiological changes. | d. | reflect only positive emotions. | | |
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50.
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After
an animal is allowed to copulate until it has no further interest, it will resume sexual activity
when a new partner is provided. This is called a. | a stimulus need. | b. | a curiosity
drive. | c. | the Coolidge effect. | d. | an episodic
drive. | | |
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51.
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You
are feeling happy and sad at the same time. Research into brain activity would indicate that
processing is primarily occurring in a. | the midbrain. | b. | the left
hemisphere. | c. | the right hemisphere. | d. | both
hemispheres. | | |
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52.
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Which
theory claims that emotions are organized in the brain and that emotional feelings and bodily
expressions occur simultaneously? a. | the common sense theory | b. | the Cannon-Bard
theory | c. | attribution theory | d. | the James-Lange
theory | | |
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53.
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In an
early experiment by Cannon and Washburn, Washburn swallowed a balloon so that they could measure
hunger. Their conclusion was that a. | the balloon prevented hunger by filling up the
stomach. | b. | the balloon recorded hunger pangs or
contractions. | c. | the balloon stopped digestion, and so nothing could be said of
normal hunger. | d. | hunger had nothing to do with stomach
contractions. | | |
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54.
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The
satiety system is to the feeding system as the __________ hypothalamus is to the __________
hypothalamus. a. | ventromedial;
lateral | b. | lateral; ventromedial | c. | nonhomeostatic;
homeostatic | d. | cyclic; episodic | | |
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55.
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If
your body is dehydrated, but you are not thirsty, we would say that you have a. | a drive but not
a need. | b. | a need but not a drive. | c. | both a drive and
a need. | d. | neither a need nor a drive. | | |
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56.
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Which
of the following can alter the body's set point? a. | over feeding in childhood | b. | external eating
cues | c. | severe
dieting | d. | low self-esteem | | |
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57.
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A
part of the nervous system that prepares the body for emergencies is the __________
division. a. | parasympathetic | b. | sympathetic | c. | somatic | d. | adaptive | | |
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58.
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A
circadian rhythm refers to a cycle a. | of sexual receptivity caused by hormone
cycles. | b. | of bodily activity approximately 24 hours in
length. | c. | of emotional arousal. | d. | during which
various bodily systems are in phase. | | |
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59.
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Unlike other drives, pain is characterized by a. | avoidance rather
than positive goal-seeking. | b. | cyclical occurrences. | c. | freedom from the
influence of learning. | d. | a strong link to estrogen levels in the
body. | | |
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60.
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Which
of the following is a characteristic of bulimia nervosa? a. | Vomiting,
laxatives, or diuretics are used to lose weight. | b. | There are
repeated attempts to lose weight by severe dieting. | c. | It occurs
equally in males and females. | d. | It is an adolescent growth phase that a few women go through
and later disappears. | | |
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61.
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The
__________ describes the relationship between arousal level, task difficulty, and efficiency of
performance. a. | arousal
theory | b. | drive reduction theory | c. | Yerkes-Dodson
Law | d. | inverted-U
function | | |
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62.
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Which
of the following is an assumption of arousal theory? a. | Zero level of
arousal is the most desirable. | b. | High levels of arousal are the most
desirable. | c. | Optimal levels of arousal exist for each
person. | d. | Optimal levels of arousal exist for various
activities. | | |
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63.
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Secondary motives are a. | needs that are learned, such as the needs for power or for
achievement. | b. | innate but not necessary for
survival. | c. | not innate but necessary for
survival. | d. | innate and necessary for survival. | | |
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64.
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Which
of the following is a primary motive? a. | curiosity | b. | the desire for
money | c. | physical contact | d. | thirst | | |
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65.
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Electrically stimulating the lateral hypothalamus will cause a rat to a. | start
eating. | b. | stop eating. | c. | start
drinking. | d. | stop drinking. | | |
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66.
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The
part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for restoring the body and conserving energy is
the a. | somatic nervous
system. | b. | limbic system. | c. | parasympathetic
division. | d. | sympathetic division. | | |
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67.
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The
inverted-U function describes the relationship between a. | deprivation and
sex drive. | b. | stimulation and curiosity. | c. | arousal and
performance. | d. | sex drive and satisfiers. | | |
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68.
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The
body structure most closely associated with thirst is the a. | pancreas. | b. | pituitary gland. | c. | hypothalamus. | d. | limbic system. | | |
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69.
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The
most appropriate name for the polygraph is a. | lie detector. | b. | arousal
recorder. | c. | mind reader. | d. | guilt
meter. | | |
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70.
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Extrinsic motivation stems from a. | obvious external factors. | b. | intrinsic
motivation. | c. | primary drives. | d. | self-actualization. | | |
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71.
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Which
of the following statements about the sex drive is TRUE? a. | The sex drive in
females is closely tied to the menstrual cycle. | b. | The sex drive in
humans is completely liberated from the influence of hormones. | c. | The sex drive in
humans can be aroused at virtually any time by almost anything. | d. | Recent sexual
activity prevents sexual desire from occurring again after a certain amount of
time. | | |
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72.
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People with weight problems are more likely to eat when experiencing the emotion
of a. | anxiety. | b. | anger. | c. | sadness. | d. | any of these | | |
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73.
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The
need for achievement a. | is greatest for behaviors leading to financial and material
success. | b. | does not occur in primitive cultures. | c. | is defined as
the desire to meet internalized standards of excellence. | d. | is greater in
women than in men. | | |
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74.
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Life-threatening weight loss due to self-inflicted starvation is
called a. | fasting. | b. | malnutrition. | c. | anorexia
nervosa. | d. | hypoglycemia. | | |
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75.
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The
question, "Did you rob the liquor store?" asked during the administration of a lie detector
test, is a(n) __________ question. a. | control | b. | deceptive | c. | relevant | d. | irrelevant | | |
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76.
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Which
of the following statements about the sex drive is TRUE? a. | Most
psychologists believe that sex is a primary motive because it is necessary for individual
survival. | b. | Normal male animals are always ready to
mate. | c. | Normal female animals are always ready to
mate. | d. | The sex drive is considered a primary motive because it is
primarily homeostatic in nature. | | |
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