Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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In
differentiating between the terms sex and gender, a. | sex refers to
biological aspects of identity, and gender refers to psychological and social
identity. | b. | gender refers to sociocultural identity, and sex refers to
sociocultural identity. | c. | sex refers to sociocultural identity, and gender refers to
biological identity. | d. | none of these represent the terms
correctly. | | |
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2.
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Primary sexual characteristics refer to a. | all those
physical structures and psychological traits influenced by the sex
hormones. | b. | development of breasts and body shape in the female, and
changes in hair development and voice in the male. | c. | the sexual and
reproductive organs themselves. | d. | estrogen in the female and testosterone in the
male. | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following occurs first developmentally? a. | gender identity | b. | secondary sexual
characteristics | c. | primary sexual characteristics | d. | reproductive
maturity | | |
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4.
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Secondary sexual characteristics include a. | the development
of breasts and body shape in the female and changes in hair development and voice in the
male. | b. | the sexual and reproductive organs in males and
females. | c. | the development of appropriate sex
roles. | d. | menarche and menopause in women. | | |
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5.
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Menarche is to menopause as a. | onset is to cessation of
menstruation. | b. | androgen is to estrogen hormones. | c. | testes are to
ovaries. | d. | male is to female. | | |
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6.
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A
major sign of puberty in women is the onset of menstruation, called a. | menopause. | b. | ovulation. | c. | menarche. | d. | estrogen. | | |
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7.
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__________ refers to the release of ova (eggs) from the ovaries. a. | Primary sexual
characteristics | b. | Ovulation | c. | Menopause | d. | Menarche | | |
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8.
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__________ refers to an end to regular monthly menstrual periods. a. | Ovulation | b. | Menopause | c. | Menarche | d. | Androgen | | |
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9.
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The
gonads are the a. | biological name
for the sex cells. | b. | biological term for sex hormones. | c. | sex
glands. | d. | single determinant of gender. | | |
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10.
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The
female hormones are called a. | androgens. | b. | testosterone's. | c. | adrenaline's. | d. | estrogens. | | |
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11.
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Androgens are a. | male sex hormones. | b. | female sex
hormones. | c. | male reproductive structures. | d. | secreted by the
ovaries. | | |
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12.
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Male
as well as female hormones are secreted by the __________ glands of both sexes. a. | testes | b. | ovaries | c. | thyroid | d. | adrenal | | |
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13.
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Which
of the following is responsible for the secretion of sex hormones? a. | testes | b. | pituitary | c. | thalamus | d. | thyroid | | |
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14.
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Development of male genitals before birth is largely due to the presence of __________
in the male. a. | two X
chromosomes | b. | testosterone | c. | estrogens | d. | the bulbo-urethral gland | | |
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15.
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There
is no structural difference between males and females in the first __________ of prenatal
development. a. | trimester | b. | six weeks | c. | twelve
weeks | d. | four months | | |
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16.
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Which
of the following statements is FALSE? a. | Genetic sex determines genital sex. | b. | Genetic sex is
determined at conception. | c. | Gender identity is a product of both genetic sex and sex role
identification. | d. | In the absence of testosterone, embryos develop female sex
organs. | | |
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17.
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When
an otherwise female child is born with male genitals because of an over-secretion of androgen, the
condition is called the a. | androgenital syndrome. | b. | androprogestin
syndrome. | c. | gender defect syndrome. | d. | sex-biasing
effect. | | |
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18.
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Which
statement is TRUE regarding male-female differences? a. | Estrogen
influences the male sex drive. | b. | Most sex-related behavior is learned. | c. | Male brains are
superior in size but not in operation. | d. | Sex segregated educational programs account for the decrease in
male-female test score differences. | | |
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19.
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Females with prenatal exposure to male hormones are a. | no different
than females with no such exposure. | b. | exclusively feminine. | c. | temporarily
masculinized. | d. | permanently masculinized. | | |
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20.
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Which
of the following statements concerning gender identity is TRUE? a. | Gender identity
is essentially formed in the first few months after birth. | b. | Gender identity
is formed during adolescence. | c. | Children born with ambiguous gender will develop a confused
sense of sexual identity no matter how they are raised. | d. | Children born
with ambiguous gender will develop a clear sense of sexual identity as long as the final decision
concerning their sex is made by the age of 18 months. | | |
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21.
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Compared to women, men a. | have higher overall intelligence on group
tests. | b. | perform better on tests of verbal ability and rote
learning. | c. | show less rapid losses in IQ scores with increasing
age. | d. | score higher on
subtests measuring spatial relationships. | | |
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22.
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One's
personal, private sense of maleness or femaleness is known as a. | genital
identification. | b. | sexual scripting. | c. | gender
identity. | d. | sex role perception. | | |
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23.
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The
observable traits, mannerisms, interests, and behaviors defined by one's culture as "male"
or "female" are one's a. | gender identity. | b. | gender
role. | c. | genetic sex. | d. | biological
bias. | | |
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24.
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The
favored pattern of behavior expected of each sex is called a. | gender
identity. | b. | sexual identity. | c. | gender
role. | d. | biological sex. | | |
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25.
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According to the text, gender identity is usually formed a. | prenatally. | b. | the first year of life. | c. | before 18 months
of age. | d. | by three or four years of age. | | |
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26.
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Given
the fact that gender roles are so different culture to culture, we could assume that a. | there are very
few, if any, inborn or "natural" differences between the sexes. | b. | only some
cultures define gender roles. | c. | females should be expected to be sensitive, intuitive, passive,
emotional, and "naturally" interested in household chores and
childrearing. | d. | gender roles are real gender
differences. | | |
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27.
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Oversimplified assumptions about the nature of men and women are a. | sex
roles. | b. | gender role stereotypes. | c. | sexual
scripts. | d. | sex differences. | | |
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28.
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Learning from one's environment how to act "masculine" or
"feminine" is known as a. | gender association. | b. | gender role
socialization. | c. | gender training. | d. | gender role
perception. | | |
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29.
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Which
dimension of gender would typically be the last to develop? a. | genetic
sex | b. | gender
identity | c. | hormonal sex | d. | gonadal
sex | | |
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30.
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A
person with a strong gender role stereotype would probably make which of the following
statements? a. | Women would make
good factory workers. | b. | Women should be nurses or teachers because those occupations
don't require management decisions. | c. | A woman should not have limitations on what she should be able
to do. | d. | Gender should not be a qualification for certain
jobs. | | |
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31.
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Gender role socialization begins at a. | conception. | b. | birth. | c. | puberty. | d. | adolescence. | | |
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32.
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The
tendency for boys to engage in instrumental behaviors and girls to engage in expressive behaviors is
evidence for a. | the biological
biasing effect of hormones. | b. | the natural differences between males and
females. | c. | gender role socialization. | d. | sex differences
in hemispheric dominance. | | |
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33.
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People who possess the personality traits traditionally called "male" and
"female" are called a. | bisexual. | b. | adenoidal. | c. | androgynous. | d. | flexible. | | |
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34.
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Human
arousal may be triggered by a. | unwanted sexual advances. | b. | greater
persistence. | c. | financial success. | d. | thoughts and
images. | | |
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35.
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Gagnon researched the unspoken plans that guide our sexual behavior and called these
mental plans a. | schemas. | b. | sexual schemas. | c. | sexual
scripts. | d. | androgynous scripts. | | |
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36.
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The
ultimate erogenous zone in both males and females is/are the a. | genitals. | b. | anus. | c. | mouth. | d. | brain. | | |
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37.
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Studies of sexual arousal show that a. | women are more
physically aroused by erotic stimuli than men are. | b. | arousal has a
large cognitive element. | c. | men are more physically aroused by erotic stimuli than women
are. | d. | arousal requires
physical stimulation of an erogenous zone. | | |
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38.
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Maximal sexual activity a. | appears to occur later in females than it does in
males. | b. | occurs in late adolescence in women. | c. | depends on
estrogen levels in both males and females. | d. | occurs between the ages of 25 and 30 in
males. | | |
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39.
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For
women, a. | frequency of
intercourse is highest when androgen levels are at a peak. | b. | large amounts of
androgens are produced during menstruation. | c. | changes in
androgen levels cause the menstrual cycle. | d. | testosterone inhibits sexual
activity. | | |
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40.
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Nocturnal emissions a. | are signs of an impending urological
disorder. | b. | are also referred to as enuresis in young
children. | c. | occur when sexual dreams lead to orgasm and represent a
completely normal form of sexual release. | d. | are reported more frequently by women than by
men. | | |
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41.
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Reduction in sex drive is most likely to accompany a. | castration. | b. | vasectomy. | c. | tubal
ligation. | d. | difficult birth. | | |
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42.
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The
effects of sterilization in humans a. | usually abolishes the sex drive. | b. | may lead to more
sexual activity because pregnancy is no longer a concern. | c. | are the same as
with castration--most experience a decline in sexual behaviors. | d. | serve to change
genetic sexual capacity. | | |
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43.
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The
contemporary view of masturbation is that it is a. | normal and acceptable. | b. | self-injurious
behavior. | c. | evidence of hormonal imbalance. | d. | evidence of poor
emotional adjustment. | | |
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44.
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Masturbation or self-stimulation in a three-year-old child would be a sign
of a. | normal sexual
development. | b. | the androgenital syndrome. | c. | an excess
production of sex hormones. | d. | severe depression. | | |
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45.
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Which
of the following is TRUE about masturbation? a. | It can cause sterility. | b. | Its only
negative effects come from learned attitudes. | c. | It represents
immaturity and low self-esteem. | d. | It is presently seen as an abnormal sexual
behavior. | | |
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46.
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__________ refers to one's degree of emotional and erotic attraction to members of the
same gender, opposite gender, or both genders. a. | Sexual orientation | b. | Sex
role | c. | Sexual
behavior | d. | Gender identity | | |
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47.
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Sexual orientation refers to a. | one's degree of emotional and erotic attraction to members of
the same gender, opposite gender, or both genders. | b. | the belief that
heterosexuality is more natural than homosexuality. | c. | a person
erotically attracted to both men and women. | d. | a person
romantically attracted to same-sex persons. | | |
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48.
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Which
of the following factors influences sexual orientation? a. | hereditary | b. | social | c. | psychological | d. | all of these | | |
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49.
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If
one identical twin is homosexual or bisexual, there is a __________ percent chance that the other
twin is, too.
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50.
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There
is research that indicates a genetic tendency for homosexuality, which is contributed by
the a. | father. | b. | mother. | c. | problem
delivery. | d. | none of these | | |
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51.
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Simon
Levay has found a difference between heterosexuals and homosexuals in a. | brain
structure. | b. | I.Q. | c. | psychosis. | d. | phobias. | | |
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52.
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Which
of the following statements concerning homosexuality is TRUE? a. | Most cultures
have strong social values against homosexuality. | b. | Gay men,
lesbians, and bisexuals encounter hostility because they are members of a minority group, not because
there is anything inherently wrong with them. | c. | Homosexuality is
outside of the normal range of variations in sexual orientation. | d. | Homosexual
persons tend to discover their sexual orientation earlier than do
heterosexuals. | | |
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53.
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Psychological testing of homosexuals shows a. | no differences
in their adjustment compared to heterosexuals. | b. | major
personality differences compared to heterosexuals. | c. | that most
homosexuals have suffered from homophobia. | d. | that homosexuality stems from an ego-dystonic
personality. | | |
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54.
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Homophobia is a. | rarely a problem for gays or
lesbians. | b. | the psychological classification for gays and
lesbians. | c. | prejudice against and dislike of gays and
lesbians. | d. | a capacity for erotic attraction to members of the same
sex. | | |
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55.
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The
belief that heterosexuality is better or more natural than homosexuality is called a. | homophobia. | b. | heterosexism. | c. | homogenism. | d. | sexual orientation. | | |
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56.
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The
most objective laboratory research on human sexual response was done by which of the
following? a. | Hunt | b. | Kinsey | c. | Masters and
Johnson | d. | Mosher | | |
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57.
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The
Masters and Johnson studies differed from earlier studies because they included a. | interviews with
males and females of all ages. | b. | observations of actual sexual
behaviors. | c. | questionnaires about sexual habits. | d. | data on normal
and abnormal sexual behaviors. | | |
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58.
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The
typical order of human sexual response is a. | excitement, plateau, resolution,
orgasm. | b. | excitement, plateau, orgasm,
resolution. | c. | arousal, orgasm, resolution, plateau. | d. | plateau,
excitement, arousal, orgasm. | | |
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59.
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The
phase of sexual response indicated by initial signs of sexual arousal is the __________
phase. a. | plateau | b. | orgasm | c. | resolution | d. | excitement | | |
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60.
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The
second stage of human sexual response is the __________ phase. a. | excitement | b. | plateau | c. | refractory | d. | orgasm | | |
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61.
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In
males, a second orgasm is temporarily (or completely) prevented by a a. | plateau
period. | b. | failure to ejaculate. | c. | refractory
period. | d. | resolution phase. | | |
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62.
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The
phase of sexual response involving a return to lower levels of sexual tension and arousal is the
__________ phase. a. | plateau | b. | orgasm | c. | resolution | d. | excitement | | |
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63.
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Which
of the following statements concerning sexual response is TRUE? a. | The phases of
sexual response differ depending on a person's sexual orientation. | b. | Many women
ejaculate during orgasm. | c. | About half the time, the male refractory period is immediately
followed by a second orgasm. | d. | Orgasm and resolution in the male usually do not last as long
as they do for females. | | |
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64.
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Which
belief of Freud's was disproved by Masters and Johnson? a. | penis
envy | b. | superiority of
vaginal orgasms | c. | Electra complex | d. | superiority of
clitoral orgasms | | |
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65.
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Which
of the following are classified as a paraphilia or sexual deviation? a. | lack of sexual
desire | b. | fetishism | c. | sexual identity
disorder | d. | sexual communication disorder | | |
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66.
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Pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, and frotteurism are all examples
of a. | sexual
misconduct | b. | sexual problems | c. | paraphilias | d. | sexual difficulties | | |
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67.
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Desiring and having sex with children or child molesting is referred to
as a. | voyeurism. | b. | pedophilia. | c. | paraphilia. | d. | transvestic fetishism. | | |
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68.
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Sexually touching and or rubbing against a non-willing person is
called a. | voyeurism. | b. | exhibitionism. | c. | frotteurism. | d. | fetishism. | | |
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69.
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Secretly viewing the genitals of others for sexual gratification is known
as a. | exhibitionism. | b. | transvestitism. | c. | voyeurism. | d. | sadism. | | |
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70.
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Achieving sexual arousal by wearing clothes of the opposite sex is known
as a. | sadism. | b. | fetishism. | c. | transsexuality. | d. | transvestic fetishism. | | |
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71.
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Which
of the following is NOT a sexual disorder a. | fetishism | b. | voyeurism | c. | pedophilia | d. | homosexuality | | |
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72.
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Gaining sexual gratification from inanimate objects is referred to as a. | fetishism. | b. | sexual sadism. | c. | sexual
masochism. | d. | frotteurism. | | |
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73.
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The
majority of child molesters are a. | rarely friends of the child. | b. | mostly childless
husbands. | c. | child rapists. | d. | mostly
fathers. | | |
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74.
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Signs
of child molestation include a. | self-destructive thoughts. | b. | more social
interaction away from the house. | c. | a decrease in emotionality. | d. | an increase in
physical activity. | | |
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75.
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Behavior that might indicate a child has been molested includes a. | stomachaches,
headaches, and other stress symptoms. | b. | bruises on the face and neck. | c. | violent and
aggressive play with others. | d. | aggression against family pets. | | |
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76.
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The
pace of the "sexual revolution" has slowed recently largely due to a. | more
conservative beliefs. | b. | the fear of AIDS. | c. | both more
conservative beliefs and the fear of AIDS. | d. | more emphasis on family values. | | |
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77.
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According to the text, what is happening to the "double standard" regarding
acceptable male and female sexual behavior? a. | It has been drastically altered because of fear about
AIDS. | b. | It remains about the same as it was 30 years
ago. | c. | It is undergoing
a slow death as the gap between male and female sexual patterns slowly
closes. | d. | It is responsible for the major backlash in the sexual
revolution. | | |
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78.
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Which
of the following statements concerning date rape is true? a. | It is only a
problem among "first dates." | b. | It happens to about 15 percent of college
women. | c. | It is caused by an adherence to the double
standard. | d. | Most women who are date raped report the incident to
authorities. | | |
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79.
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Rape
is a. | an act of
brutality or aggression. | b. | almost always committed by a
psychotic. | c. | a symbolic expression of male
self-hatred. | d. | still considered primarily a sex act by most
experts. | | |
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80.
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Facts
regarding rape include which of the following? a. | At least 1 woman in 7 will be raped in her lifetime, and
because many rapes go unreported, the true figure is probably 1 in 4. | b. | Approximately 1
college woman in 6 is a victim of rape. | c. | In 65 to 80 percent of all cases the rapist is a friend or
acquaintance of the victim. | d. | All of these | | |
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81.
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Which
of the following describes how AIDS kills its victims? a. | The virus
prevents new cell growth. | b. | The body loses its ability to fight
infection. | c. | The virus attacks the brain. | d. | The virus
poisons the blood. | | |
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82.
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The
spread of the AIDS virus occurs a. | only among homosexuals. | b. | only among
bisexuals. | c. | only among drug users. | d. | among
homosexuals, bisexuals, and heterosexuals. | | |
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83.
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After
becoming infected by the HIV virus, a person can still test negative for HIV for up
to a. | 2
months. | b. | 4 months. | c. | 6
months. | d. | 1 year. | | |
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84.
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The
AIDS virus can be transmitted by a. | social kissing. | b. | sharing
towels. | c. | direct contact with blood. | d. | shaking
hands. | | |
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85.
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Hypoactive sexual desire is said to exist when a. | the loss of
desire is persistent. | b. | the person is troubled by it. | c. | both the loss of
desire is persistent and the person is troubled by it. | d. | the amount of
desire is intense and uncontrollable. | | |
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86.
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A
person who desires sexual activity but does not become sexually aroused is suffering
from a. | desire
disorder. | b. | arousal disorder. | c. | orgasm
disorder. | d. | sexual pain disorder. | | |
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87.
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Dyspareunia is a. | a muscle spasm of the vagina. | b. | a method of
inhibiting ejaculation. | c. | a persistent inability to reach
orgasm. | d. | genital pain before, during, or after sexual
intercourse. | | |
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