Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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According to Erikson, a major conflict in the first year of life is that
between a. | trust versus
mistrust. | b. | initiative versus guilt. | c. | autonomy versus
shame and doubt. | d. | relatedness versus isolation. | | |
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2.
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ADHD
in children is most often treated with the drug a. | Haldol. | b. | Thorazine. | c. | Ritalin. | d. | Valium. | | |
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3.
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For
children with ADHD, the ability to learn is severely limited because they a. | are mildly
retarded. | b. | act on impulse and cannot
concentrate. | c. | must take stimulants which shorten attention
span. | d. | are given sedatives which make them
listless. | | |
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4.
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Lack
of bowel control in children is known as a. | enuresis. | b. | analism. | c. | encopresis. | d. | anorexia
nervosa. | | |
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5.
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In
passive euthanasia a. | a person's body is frozen upon death. | b. | drugs are
administered to hasten death. | c. | body temperature is lowered to delay
death. | d. | death is allowed but not caused. | | |
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6.
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According to Erikson, failure to resolve the tasks of middle adulthood leads to a
sense of __________ involving a concern for one's own needs and comforts only. a. | apathy | b. | self-absorption | c. | despair | d. | stagnation | | |
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7.
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A
common mistake made by many concerned parents is likely to be a. | deliberately
creating high levels of stress for their child. | b. | unintentionally
creating high levels of stress for their child. | c. | attempting to
protect their children from all stress. | d. | unintentionally rewarding their children for creating
stress. | | |
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8.
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According to __________, we face a specific psychosocial dilemma at each stage of
life. a. | James
Coleman | b. | Lawrence Kohlberg | c. | Erik
Erikson | d. | Sigmund Freud | | |
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9.
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A
driver's license or a wedding ring are what Elkind calls a. | status
symbols. | b. | social markers. | c. | tokens. | d. | identity signs. | | |
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10.
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From
the perspective of the life-span psychologist, life stages are important because a. | they represent
the outcome of major biological changes. | b. | they present a set of developmental tasks to be
mastered. | c. | they provide insight into the values and aspirations of
particular cultures. | d. | their beginning and end are perfectly correlated with
chronological age. | | |
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11.
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Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his research in the area of __________
development. a. | cognitive | b. | physical | c. | moral | d. | motor | | |
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12.
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Identification with peer groups a. | decreases during adolescence. | b. | gives an
adolescent a measure of security and a sense of identity. | c. | reduces
self-esteem and self-worth. | d. | seems to always lead to incredibly destructive
behaviors. | | |
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13.
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Stuttering is considered a a. | side effect of authoritarian
parenting. | b. | result of fixation caused by conflicts during toilet
training. | c. | psychological consequence of permissive
parenting. | d. | problem with a physical origin. | | |
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14.
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A
failure to develop a consistent identity results in a. | isolation. | b. | inferiority. | c. | role
confusion. | d. | stagnation. | | |
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15.
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According to Kübler-Ross, the most common order of emotional reactions in
preparing for death is a. | anger, depression, bargaining, denial,
acceptance. | b. | denial, anger, bargaining, depression,
acceptance. | c. | anger, depression, denial, bargaining,
acceptance. | d. | depression, anger, denial, bargaining,
acceptance. | | |
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16.
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One
recommended way for parents to handle problems of occasional bed wetting in children is
to a. | limit the amount
of water they drink in the evening. | b. | punish them for "wet"
nights. | c. | wake them up during the night to use the
toilet. | d. | consider medication or psychotherapy. | | |
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17.
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Grief
refers to a. | the period of
emotional adjustment that follows the death of a loved one. | b. | the intense
emotional state that follows the death of a lover, friend, or relative. | c. | the period
during which a person seems dazed or numb and shows little emotion. | d. | demoralization
and discouragement. | | |
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18.
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Initiative and independence are fostered by a. | restricting a
child's freedom to play, to use imagination, and to choose activities. | b. | identity versus
role confusion. | c. | encouragement from parents when a child plans and carries out a
task. | d. | mastering psychomotor skills. | | |
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19.
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Generativity refers to a. | concern for welfare of others and society as a
whole. | b. | the desire to have children and thereby ensure survival of the
species. | c. | the ability to establish adequate social and financial
security. | d. | active acceptance of aging and the social changes it
brings. | | |
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20.
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Vocabulary and stored knowledge a. | reach their peak a few years after high school or
college. | b. | are examples of fossilized
intelligence. | c. | are examples of fluid intelligence. | d. | are examples of
crystallized intelligence. | | |
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21.
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Teachers, peers, and adults outside the home become important in shaping attitudes
toward oneself in Erikson's stage of a. | trust versus mistrust. | b. | initiative
versus guilt. | c. | industry versus inferiority. | d. | integrity versus
despair. | | |
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22.
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Which
of the following is one of the common life stages? a. | infancy | b. | late adolescence | c. | later
adulthood | d. | old adulthood | | |
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23.
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The
menopause and climacteric are to aging as a. | integrity is to autonomy. | b. | birth is to
death. | c. | activity is to ageism. | d. | puberty is to
adolescence. | | |
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24.
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Mutism, self-destructive behavior, and echolalia are symptoms of a. | childhood
autism. | b. | anorexia nervosa. | c. | ADHD. | d. | dyslexia. | | |
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25.
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Conforming to the expectations of others or to socially accepted rules and values
describes a person at the __________ level of morality. a. | obedience | b. | concrete | c. | postconventional | d. | conventional | | |
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26.
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Lack
of bladder control is called a. | colitis. | b. | anorexia. | c. | enuresis. | d. | encopresis. | | |
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27.
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In
the __________ level of moral development, moral choices are determined by the direct consequences of
actions. a. | preconventional | b. | conventional | c. | concrete | d. | postconventional | | |
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28.
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Puberty a. | is the same as adolescence. | b. | occurs earlier
for boys than for girls. | c. | is the period of growth and hormonal changes that lead to
sexual maturity. | d. | involves a growth spurt of 1-2 years during which boys are
taller than girls. | | |
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29.
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With
aging there is a decline of __________ intelligence, but not of __________
intelligence. a. | fluid;
fixed | b. | fixed; fluid | c. | fluid;
crystallized | d. | crystallized; fluid | | |
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30.
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Which
of the following is not characteristic of childhood autism? a. | violent temper
tantrums and repetitive actions | b. | sensory blocking and echolalia | c. | language and
learning deficiencies | d. | encopresis and overeating | | |
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31.
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If
her parents encourage little Tanya to ask questions, to use her imagination, and give her the freedom
to choose some activities, according to Erikson, they are encouraging a. | industry. | b. | identity. | c. | generativity. | d. | initiative. | | |
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32.
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The
first emotional reaction to impending death is usually a. | anger. | b. | denial. | c. | bargaining. | d. | depression. | | |
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33.
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According to Gould, a "crisis of urgency" and the "attainment of
stability" are characteristic of a. | late adolescence. | b. | young
adulthood. | c. | middle adulthood. | d. | the
disengagement period. | | |
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34.
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Kohlberg identified the three levels of moral development as the a. | preconventional,
conventional, and postconventional. | b. | conditional, unconditional, and
postconditional. | c. | self-interested, social, and
personal. | d. | premoral, conventional, and
postethical. | | |
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35.
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Girls
who mature early are more likely a. | to engage in earlier sexual
relations. | b. | to be socially ostracized in middle and high
school. | c. | to withdraw and become socially
isolated. | d. | to become tall and thin. | | |
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36.
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Hyperactivity is a serious childhood problem because a. | of its
association with severe brain damage and retardation. | b. | it cannot be
treated. | c. | it interferes with success in school and learning in
general. | d. | hyperactive children tend to be self-destructive and
withdrawn. | | |
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37.
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A
child who is just starting school, trying to learn good habits and to do well, is in Erikson's stage
of development called a. | initiative versus guilt. | b. | industry versus
inferiority. | c. | generativity versus stagnation. | d. | integrity versus
despair. | | |
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38.
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The
fastest growing group in American society is represented by a. | infants. | b. | elementary school-aged children. | c. | adolescents. | d. | the aged (those over age 65). | | |
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39.
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From
the perspective of Erik Erikson, life stages are important because a. | each involves a
crisis or dilemma. | b. | each signals a new stage of cognitive
development. | c. | each is an expression of biological
programming. | d. | their failure to appear is evidence of
psychopathology. | | |
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40.
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According to Gould, a "crisis of questions, " where an individual ponders
the meaning of life, occurs during a. | adolescence. | b. | early
adulthood. | c. | middle adulthood. | d. | old
age. | | |
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41.
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As
children begin their elementary school years, they enter Erikson's stage of a. | initiative
versus independence. | b. | industry versus inferiority. | c. | education versus
indolence. | d. | autonomy versus conformity. | | |
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42.
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The
single most important thing you might do for a dying person is to a. | avoid disturbing
that person by not mentioning death. | b. | allow that person to talk about death with
you. | c. | tell that person
about the stages of dying. | d. | keep your visits short and infrequent in order to avoid tiring
that person. | | |
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43.
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Which
pairings of stages from Erikson, Gould, and Levinson are comparable? a. | identity -
escape from dominance - age 30 transition | b. | generativity - leaving the family - age 50
transition | c. | generativity - crisis of urgency - midlife
transition | d. | intimacy - crisis of questions - midlife
transition | | |
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44.
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The
onset of puberty for boys is between __________ years; for girls it is between __________ years of
age. a. | 9-13;
10-12 | b. | 13-16; 11-14 | c. | 8-11;
9-13 | d. | 11-14;
13-16 | | |
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45.
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Some
children go through a period of intense appetite when they eat or chew on all sorts of inedible
substances. This is called a. | pica. | b. | enuresis. | c. | encopresis. | d. | anorexia. | | |
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46.
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Elizabeth Kübler-Ross is known for her research in the area of a. | eating
disorders. | b. | adolescent behavior. | c. | coping with
stress. | d. | death and dying. | | |
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47.
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Using
a story such as The Porcupine and the Moles, Gilligan was able to demonstrate
that a. | Kohlberg's
system is concerned mainly with the ethics of justice. | b. | boys tend to use
an ethic involving care and responsibility. | c. | girls tend to
choose a solution based on justice. | d. | Kohlberg's morality system is true for both boys and
girls. | | |
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48.
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Discrimination or prejudice on the basis of age is called a. | gerontism. | b. | autism. | c. | ageism. | d. | senilism. | | |
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49.
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Which
of the following is an example of ageism? a. | being considered unqualified for a
job | b. | being considered
too experienced for a job | c. | voluntary retirement | d. | in Japan the
status and respect the elderly enjoy | | |
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50.
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Conformity to peer values often a. | peaks in late adolescence. | b. | inhibits
personal growth. | c. | assures an individual of acceptance. | d. | inhibits a
member-of-society perspective. | | |
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51.
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Kohlberg studied moral development by a. | having subjects
keep a daily journal of their actions. | b. | evaluating criminal and delinquent person's court
records. | c. | posing moral dilemmas to children of different
ages. | d. | having subjects perform various legal or illegal
behaviors. | | |
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52.
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A
successful alternative to drug treatment for hyperactivity is a. | psychotherapy. | b. | behavior modification or behavior
management. | c. | punishment. | d. | progressive
inhibition. | | |
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53.
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A
toddler learning to use the toilet who sometimes feels bad when he or she "messes up" is at
Erikson's stage called a. | identity versus role confusion. | b. | initiative
versus guilt. | c. | autonomy versus shame and doubt. | d. | intimacy versus
isolation. | | |
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54.
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Bereavement refers to a. | the period of emotional adjustment that follows the death of a
loved one. | b. | the intense emotional state that follows the death of a lover,
friend, or relative. | c. | the period during which a person seems dazed or numb and shows
little emotion. | d. | demoralization and discouragement. | | |
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55.
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If
you are a young adult, you are interested in developing a. | intimacy. | b. | generativity. | c. | integrity. | d. | initiative. | | |
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56.
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A
mother who complains that her son clings to her constantly and cries and complains when she is gone
should be advised that a. | this is normal behavior at certain stages of
development. | b. | this is an unfortunate consequence of an undesirable parenting
style. | c. | attachment behavior is clearly a function of delayed cognitive
development. | d. | such behavior should be quickly discouraged because it leads to
dependency as an adult. | | |
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57.
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Which
of the following is the longest stage of grieving for most people? a. | shock | b. | anger | c. | depression | d. | agitation | | |
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58.
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Overeating in children a. | sometimes is encouraged by a parent who is
anorexic. | b. | may be discouraged because the parent considers a fat baby
unhealthy or undesirable. | c. | leads to the development of eating habits and conflicts that
have life-long consequences. | d. | promotes the development of a healthy
diet. | | |
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59.
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Initiative and independence are fostered by a. | giving a child
freedom to play, to use imagination, and to choose activities. | b. | a child's
experience with toilet training. | c. | acquiring personal autonomy. | d. | learning a sense
of industry. | | |
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60.
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According to Erikson, a child entering adolescence can expect major developmental task
demands to center around the need to a. | develop trust in others. | b. | achieve intimacy
with another. | c. | acquire personal autonomy. | d. | develop a sense
of one's self. | | |
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61.
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The
stated purpose of cryonic suspension is to a. | speed death for the terminally and irreversibly
ill. | b. | allow death to
occur with a minimum of suffering. | c. | place the terminally ill in suspended animation until a cure
can be found. | d. | preserve the body after death in hopes that future revival will
become possible. | | |
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62.
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A
frequently used treatment for ADHD is a. | use of severe punishment. | b. | administration
of stimulant drugs. | c. | administration of tranquilizers to slow the child
down. | d. | a high protein diet. | | |
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63.
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I am
in my late forties. If I do not reach out to others, especially to young people, Erikson says I will
experience a. | shame. | b. | isolation. | c. | stagnation. | d. | guilt. | | |
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64.
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Behavior directed by self-accepted moral principles represents the __________ level of
moral development. a. | preconventional | b. | postconventional | c. | unconventional | d. | conventional | | |
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65.
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Which
of the following is a myth about aging? a. | Most older individuals are the best drivers on the
road. | b. | Most of the elderly show signs of senility and mental
decay. | c. | The elderly who live alone are typically "social
butterflies." | d. | Older individuals are just as sexually active as when they were
30. | | |
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66.
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A
specialist in death and dying, or one who studies death, is referred to as a a. | bereavement
counselor. | b. | thanatologist. | c. | funerologist. | d. | terminologist. | | |
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